In the fields of cardiology and medical imaging, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is an echocardiographic imaging technique. It analyzes the motion of tissues in the heart by using the naturally occurring speckle pattern in the myocardium (or motion of blood when imaged by ultrasound).
This method of documentation of myocardial motion is a noninvasive method of definition for both vectors and velocity. When compared to other technologies seeking noninvasive definition of ischemia, speckle tracking seems a valuable endeavor. The speckle pattern is a mixture of interference patterns and natural acoustic reflections.[1] These reflections are also described as speckles or markers.
The pattern being random, each region of the myocardium has a unique speckle pattern (also called patterns, features, or fingerprints) that allows the region to be tracked. The speckle pattern is relatively stable, at least from one frame to the next.[2][3] In post processing this can be tracked consecutively frame to frame and ultimately resolved into angle-independent two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional strain-based sequences (3D).[3][4][5] These sequences provide both quantitative and qualitative information regarding tissue deformation and motion.
^Geyer, Holly; Caracciolo, Giuseppe; Abe, Haruhiko; Wilansky, Susan (2010), "Assessment of Myocardial Mechanics Using Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: Fundamentals and Clinical Applications", Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 23 (4), C.V. Mosby: 351–69, quiz 453-5, doi:10.1016/j.echo.2010.02.015, ISSN 0894-7317, OCLC 605144740, PMID 20362924
^Bohs LN, Trahey GE. A novel method for angle independent ultrasonic imaging of blood flow and tissue motion. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1991 Mar;38(3):280-6.
^ abKaluzynski K, Chen X, Emelianov SY, Skovoroda AR, O'Donnell M. Strain rate imaging using two-dimensional speckle tracking. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2001 Jul;48(4):1111-23.
^Reisner, SA; Lysyansky, P; Agmon, Y; Mutlak, D (2004), "Global longitudinal strain: a novel index of left ventricular systolic function", Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, 17 (6): 630–3, doi:10.1016/j.echo.2004.02.011, ISSN 0894-7317, OCLC 110737191, PMID 15163933
^Leitman M, Lysyansky P, Sidenko S, Shir V, Peleg E, Binenbaum M, et al.Two-dimensional strain-a novel software for real-time quantitative echocardiographic assessment of myocardial function. JAm Soc Echocardiogr 2004;17:1021-9.
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