Global InformationSouth Sudan information
Republic of South Sudan | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: "Justice, Liberty, Prosperity" | |
| Anthem: "South Sudan Oyee!" | |
 South Sudan in dark green, territory claimed but not fully controlled in light green | |
| Capital and largest city | Juba 04°51′N 31°36′E / 4.850°N 31.600°E |
| Official languages | English[1] |
| Recognised national languages |
|
| Spoken languages[7] |
|
| Religion (2020)[8] |
|
| Demonym(s) | South Sudanese |
| Government | Transitional federal presidential republic[9] |
• President | Salva Kiir Mayardit |
• First Vice President | Riek Machar |
• Speaker | Jemma Nunu Kumba |
• Chief Justice | Chan Reec Madut |
| Legislature | Transitional National Legislature |
• Upper house | Council of States |
• Lower house | Transitional National Legislative Assembly |
| Independence from Sudan | |
• Autonomy | 9 July 2005 |
• Declared and recognized | 9 July 2011 |
| Area | |
• Total | 644,329[10] km2 (248,777 sq mi) (41st) |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 12,118,379[10] (80th) |
• Density | 13.33/km2 (34.5/sq mi) (214th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total |  $13.6 billion [11] (157th) |
• Per capita | $934[11] (191st) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $4.7 billion [11] (164th) |
• Per capita | $326[11] (194th) |
| Gini (2016) |  44.1[12]medium |
| HDI (2022) |  0.381[13]low (192nd) |
| Currency | South Sudanese pound (SSP) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (Central Africa Time) |
| Driving side | right[14] |
| Calling code | +211[15] |
| ISO 3166 code | SS |
| Internet TLD | .ss[16]a |
| |
South Sudan (/suːˈdɑːn, -ˈdæn/), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in eastern Central Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia, Sudan, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda, and Kenya, and includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the Bahr al Jabal, meaning "Mountain Sea".[17] The population was 11,088,796 in 2023, and Juba is the capital and largest city.[18] South Sudan gained independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state or country with widespread recognition as of 2024.[19]
Sudan was occupied by Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty and was governed as an Anglo-Egyptian condominium until Sudanese independence in 1956. Following the First Sudanese Civil War, the Southern Sudan Autonomous Region was formed in 1972 and lasted until 1983. A second Sudanese civil war soon broke out in 1983 and ended in 2005 with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Later that year, southern autonomy was restored when an Autonomous Government of Southern Sudan was formed. South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011, following 98.8% support for independence in a January 2011 referendum.[20][21]
South Sudan has suffered extreme ethnic violence, and endured a civil war characterized by rampant human rights abuses, including various ethnic massacres and killings of journalists by various parties to the conflict from December 2013 until February 2020, when competing combat leaders Salva Kiir Mayardit and Riek Machar struck a unity deal, the R-ARCSS, in 2018 and formed a coalition government,[22] paving the way for refugees to return home.[23]
The South Sudanese population is composed mostly of Nilotic peoples, and it is demographically among the youngest nations in the world, with roughly half under 18 years old.[24] The majority of inhabitants adhere to Christianity or various Indigenous faiths.
South Sudan is a member of the United Nations,[25][26] the African Union,[27] the East African Community,[28] and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development.[29] It is one of the least developed countries in the world, ranking last in the Human Development Index, and as of 2022 also one of the poorest countries by GDP per capita, with only Sierra Leone, Afghanistan and Burundi having lower GDPs.[30]
- ^ "The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011". Government of South Sudan. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2011. Part One, 6(2). "English shall be the official working language in the Republic of South Sudan".
- ^ "The Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan, 2011" (PDF). Government of South Sudan. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
- ^ United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF): The impact of language policy and practice on children's learning: Evidence from Eastern and Southern Africa 2016 Archived 13 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine (PDF; 672 kB), Pages 1–3, Retrieved 9 September 2018
- ^ Manfredi, Stefano (2018). "Juba Arabic (Árabi Júba): a "less indigenous" language of South Sudan" (PDF). Sociolinguistic Studies. 12 (1): 209–230. doi:10.1558/sols.35596. hdl:2318/1702685. S2CID 150503108.
- ^ Manfredi Stefano; Tosco Mauro (2016), A new state, an old language policy, and a pidgin-creolo: Juba Arabic in South Sudan, Forthcoming: Sociolinguistic Studies 2016 Archived 1 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine (PDF; 1141 kB), Pages 1–18, Retrieved 9 September 2018
- ^ Manfredi Stefano; Tosco Mauro (2013), Language uses vs. language policy: South Sudan and Juba Arabic in the post-independence era Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine (PDF; 301 kB), Pages 798–802, III Congresso Coordinamento Universitario per la Cooperazione allo Sviluppo, Sep 2013, Turin, Italy. JUNCO, Journal of Universities and International Development Cooperation, 2014, Imagining Cultures of Cooperation – Proceedings of the III CUCS Congress, Turin 19–21 September 2013, Retrieved 9 September 2018
- ^ Ethnologue: Ethnologue Languages of the World – South Sudan Archived 9 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 9 September 2018.
- ^ "South Sudan". Global Religious Futures. Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
- ^ Brosché, Johan; Höglund, Kristine (2016). "Crisis of governance in South Sudan: electoral politics and violence in the world's newest nation". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 54 (1): 67–90. doi:10.1017/S0022278X15000828. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 26309777. S2CID 155945508.
- ^ a b "South Sudan". The World Factbook (2024 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
- ^ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 11 May 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2023/24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ "Traffic and Road Conditions in Sudan, South". Countryreports.org. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
- ^ "New country, new number: Country code 211 officially assigned to South Sudan" (Press release). International Telecommunication Union. 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
- ^ ".ss Domain Delegation Data". Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. ICANN. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
- ^ eg. example reference in "Bahr el Jabal". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
- ^ "South Sudan Population Growth Rate 1950-2023". Macrotrends. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ "The World's Youngest Countries". WorldAtlas. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2020.
- ^ "Broadcast of Declaration of Independence (part 1)". YouTube. 10 July 2011. Archived from the original on 21 July 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ "Broadcast of Declaration of Independence (part 2)". YouTube. 19 June 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
- ^ "South Sudan rivals strike power-sharing deal". BBC News. 22 February 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
- ^ Malak, Garang A. (22 February 2020). "Trust issues persist in Juba despite new dawn". The East African. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- ^ "'Children's crisis' in South Sudan must be addressed, says top UN official calling for real accountability". 7 September 2018. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
- ^ Worsnip, Patrick (14 July 2011). "South Sudan admitted to U.N. as 193rd member". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
- ^ "UN welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State". United Nations News Service. 14 July 2011. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- ^ "South Sudan Becomes African Union's 54th Member". Voice of America News. 28 July 2011. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
- ^ "South Sudan admitted into EAC", Daily Nation, 2 March 2016, reprinted at nation.co.ke, accessed 4 March 2016
- ^ "Ethiopia Agrees to Back Somalia Army Operations, IGAD Says". Bloomberg Businessweek. 25 November 2011. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ "GDP per capita, current prices". www.imf.org. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
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