Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in South Asia
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History of South Asia
Outline
Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BC)
Madrasian culture
Soanian culture
Neolithic (10,800–3300 BC)
Bhirrana culture
(7570–6200 BC)
Mehrgarh culture
(7000–3300 BC)
Edakkal culture
(5000–3000 BC)
Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BC)
Anarta tradition
(c. 3950–1900 BC)
Ahar-Banas culture
(3000–1500 BC)
Pandu culture
(1600–1500 BC)
Malwa culture
(1600–1300 BC)
Jorwe culture
(1400–700 BC)
Bronze Age (3300–1300 BC)
Indus Valley Civilisation
(3300–1300 BC)
– Early Harappan culture
(3300–2600 BC)
– Mature Harappan culture
(2600–1900 BC)
– Late Harappan culture
(1900–1300 BC)
Vedic Civilisation
(2000–500 BC)
– Ochre Coloured Pottery culture
(2000–1600 BC)
– Swat culture
(1600–500 BC)
Iron Age (1500–200 BC)
Vedic Civilisation
(1500–500 BC)
– Janapadas
(1500–600 BC)
– Black and Red ware culture
(1300–1000 BC)
– Painted Grey Ware culture
(1200–600 BC)
– Northern Black Polished Ware
(700–200 BC)
Pradyota dynasty
(799–684 BC)
Haryanka dynasty
(684–424 BC)
Three Crowned Kingdoms
(c. 600 BC – AD 1600)
Maha Janapadas
(c. 600–300 BC)
Achaemenid Empire
(550–330 BC)
Ror Dynasty
(450 BC – AD 489)
Shaishunaga dynasty
(424–345 BC)
Nanda Empire
(380–321 BC)
Macedonian Empire
(330–323 BC)
Maurya Empire
(321–184 BC)
Seleucid India
(312–303 BC)
Sangam literatureSangam period
(c. 300 BC – c. 300 AD)
Pandya Empire
(c. 300 BC – AD 1345)
Chera Kingdom
(c. 300 BC – AD 1102)
Chola Empire
(c. 300 BC – AD 1279)
Pallava Empire
(c. 250 AD – AD 800)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire
(c. 250 BC – c. AD 500)
Parthian Empire
(247 BC – AD 224)
Middle Kingdoms (230 BC – AD 1206)
Satavahana Empire
(230 BC – AD 220)
Kuninda Kingdom
(200 BC – AD 300)
Mitra Dynasty
(c. 150 – c. 50 BC)
Shunga Empire
(185–73 BC)
Indo-Greek Kingdom
(180 BC – AD 10)
Kanva Empire
(75–26 BC)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom
(50 BC – AD 400)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
(AD 21 – c. 130)
Western Satrap Empire
(AD 35–405 )
Kushan Empire
(AD 60–240)
Bharshiva Dynasty
(170–350)
Nagas of Padmavati
(210–340)
Sasanian Empire
(224–651)
Indo-Sassanid Kingdom
(230–360)
Vakataka Empire
(c. 250 – c. 500)
Kalabhras Empire
(c. 250 – c. 600)
Gupta Empire
(280–550)
Kadamba Empire
(345–525)
Western Ganga Kingdom
(350–1000)
Kamarupa Kingdom
(350–1100)
Vishnukundina Empire
(420–624)
Maitraka Empire
(475–767)
Huna Kingdom
(475–576)
Rai Kingdom
(489–632)
Kabul Shahi Empire
(c. 500 – 1026)
Chalukya Empire
(543–753)
Maukhari Empire
(c. 550 – c. 700)
Harsha Empire
(606–647)
Tibetan Empire
(618–841)
Eastern Chalukya Kingdom
(624–1075)
Rashidun Caliphate
(632–661)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
(650–1036)
Umayyad Caliphate
(661–750)
Mallabhum kingdom
(694-1947)
Bhauma-Kara Kingdom
(736-916)
Pala Empire
(750–1174)
Rashtrakuta Empire
(753–982)
Paramara Kingdom
(800–1327)
Yadava Empire
(850–1334)
Somavamshi Kingdom
(882–1110)
Chaulukya Kingdom
(942–1244)
Western Chalukya Empire
(973–1189)
Lohara Kingdom
(1003–1320)
Hoysala Empire
(1040–1347)
Sena Empire
(1070–1230)
Eastern Ganga Empire
(1078–1434)
Kakatiya Kingdom
(1083–1323)
Zamorin Kingdom
(1102–1766)
Kalachuris of Tripuri
(675-1210)
Kalachuris of Kalyani
(1156–1184)
Chutiya Kingdom
(1187–1673)
Deva Kingdom
(c. 1200 – c. 1300)
Late medieval period (1206–1526)
Ghaznavid Dynasty
(977–1186)
Ghurid Dynasty
(1170–1206)
Delhi Sultanate
(1206–1526)
– Mamluk Sultanate
(1206–1290)
– Khalji Sultanate
(1290–1320)
– Tughlaq Sultanate
(1320–1414)
– Sayyid Sultanate
(1414–1451)
– Lodi Sultanate
(1451–1526)
Ahom Kingdom
(1228–1826)
Chitradurga Kingdom
(1300–1779)
Reddy Kingdom
(1325–1448)
Vijayanagara Empire
(1336–1646)
Bengal Sultanate
(1352–1576)
Garhwal Kingdom
(1358–1803)
Mysore Kingdom
(1399–1947)
Gajapati Empire
(1434–1541)
Ladakh Kingdom
(1470–1842)
Deccan Sultanates
(1490–1596)
– Ahmadnagar Sultanate
(1490–1636)
– Berar Sultanate
(1490–1574)
– Bidar Sultanate
(1492–1619)
– Bijapur Sultanate
(1492–1686)
– Golkonda Sultanate
(1518–1687)
Keladi Kingdom
(1499–1763)
Koch Kingdom
(1515–1947)
Early modern period (1526–1858)
Mughal Empire
(1526–1858)
Sur Empire
(1540–1556)
Madurai Kingdom
(1529–1736)
Thanjavur Kingdom
(1532–1673)
Bhoi dynasty
(1541–1804)
Bengal Subah
(1576–1757)
Marava Kingdom
(1600–1750)
Sikkim Kingdom
(1642–1975)
Thondaiman Kingdom
(1650–1948)
Maratha Empire
(1674–1818)
Sikh Confederacy
(1707–1799)
Travancore Kingdom
(1729–1947)
Sikh Empire
(1799–1849)
Colonial states (1510–1961)
Portuguese India
(1510–1961)
Dutch India
(1605–1825)
Danish India
(1620–1869)
French India
(1759–1954)
Company Raj
(1757–1858)
British Raj
(1858–1947)
National histories
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Regional histories
Assam
Balochistan
Bengal
Bihar
Gujarat
Himachal Pradesh
Kabul
Karnataka
Kashmir
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Rajasthan
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Punjab
Odisha
Sindh
South India
Tamil Nadu
Tibet
Specialised histories
Agriculture
Architecture
Coinage
Demographics
Dynasties
Economy
Education
Indology
Influence on Southeast Asia
Language
Literature
Maritime
Metallurgy
Military
Partition of India
Pakistan studies
Philosophy
Religion
Science and technology
Timeline
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The South Asian Stone Age covers the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in the Indian subcontinent. Evidence for the most ancient Homo sapiens in South Asia has been found in the cave sites of Cudappah of India, Batadombalena and Belilena in Sri Lanka.[1] In Mehrgarh, in what is today western Pakistan, the Neolithic began c. 7000 BCE and lasted until 3300 BCE and the beginnings of the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Age. In South India, the Mesolithic lasted until 3000 BCE, and the Neolithic until c. 1000 BCE,[2] followed by a Megalithic transitional period mostly skipping the Bronze Age. The Iron Age in India began roughly simultaneously in North and South India, around c. 1200 to 1000 BCE (Painted Grey Ware culture, Hallur, Paiyampalli).
Pre Historic Sites of Middle Krishna-Tungabhadra River Valley of South India are probably the efficient paleolithic cultural area's as per the evidences found over the valleyBelan Valley Cave Paintings at Panchmukhi Hill in Sonbhadra
^Kennedy, K. A. R.; Deraniyagala, S. U.; Roertgen, W. J.; Chiment, J.; Disotell, T. (April 1987). "Upper Pleistocene Fossil Hominids From Sri Lanka". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 72 (4): 441–461. doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330720405. PMID 3111269.
^Murphy, C.; et al. (2017). "The Agriculture of Early India". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.013.169.
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