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A sonority hierarchy or sonority scale is a hierarchical ranking of speech sounds (or phones). Sonority is loosely defined as the loudness of speech sounds relative to other sounds of the same pitch, length and stress,[1] therefore sonority is often related to rankings for phones to their amplitude.[2] For example, pronouncing the vowel [a] will produce a louder sound than the stop [t], so [a] would rank higher in the hierarchy. However, grounding sonority in amplitude is not universally accepted.[2] Instead, many researchers refer to sonority as the resonance of speech sounds.[2] This relates to the degree to which production of phones results in vibrations of air particles. Thus, sounds that are described as more sonorous are less subject to masking by ambient noises.[2]
Sonority hierarchies are especially important when analyzing syllable structure; rules about what segments may appear in onsets or codas together, such as SSP, are formulated in terms of the difference of their sonority values. Some languages also have assimilation rules based on sonority hierarchy, for example, the Finnish potential mood, in which a less sonorous segment changes to copy a more sonorous adjacent segment (e.g. -tne- → -nne-).
^Peter Ladefoged; Keith Johnson (1 January 2010). A Course in Phonetics. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-4282-3126-9.
^ abcdOhala, John J. (1992). "Alternatives to the sonority hierarchy for explaining segmental sequential constraints" (PDF). Papers on the Parasession on the Syllable: 319–338.
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transcription delimiters. A sonorityhierarchy or sonority scale is a hierarchical ranking of speech sounds (or phones). Sonority is loosely defined as the...
Sonority may refer to: sonorant sonorityhierarchy, a ranking of speech sounds (or phones) by amplitude In music theory, a chord, particularly when speaking...
The sonority sequencing principle (SSP) or sonority sequencing constraint is a phonotactic principle that aims to explain or predict the structure of...
nucleus. Sonority is a measure of the amplitude of a speech sound. The particular ranking of each speech sound by sonority, called the sonorityhierarchy, is...
cluster, the sonority typically decreases from first to last, as in the English word help. This is called the sonorityhierarchy (or sonority scale). English...
been retained in the Western European phonetic tradition. In the sonorityhierarchy, liquids are considered the most sonorous sounds after vowels and...
frequently voiceless, sonorants are almost always voiced. In the sonorityhierarchy, all sounds higher than fricatives are sonorants. They can therefore...
likely[citation needed] than the other way around (which would violate the sonorityhierarchy). Without [sd] there would be an empty space between [sb] and [sɡ]...
suggestion is that rhotics are defined by their behaviour on the sonorityhierarchy, namely, that a rhotic is any sound that patterns as being more sonorous...
’. Hiw's phonology follows the Sonority Sequencing Principle, with the following language-specific sonorityhierarchy: vowels > glides > liquids > nasals...
can be seen as a movement on the sonorityhierarchy from less sonorous to more sonorous, or on a strength hierarchy from stronger to weaker. In examples...
"key") or low (as in "car") respectively. Also, this scale is not the sonorityhierarchy. Nims, John Frederick, and David Mason (2000). Western Wind: an Introduction...
great length, which are (more or less) syllabified according to a sonorityhierarchy. For some subdialects, in practice, it is very difficult to tell where...
the horizontalization, "the elaboration in time of a governing vertical sonority – a chord or an interval. [...] When an interval is horizontalized, its...
pronunciations, their particular expressions, their syntax and their sonorities. Although it is not transcribed, these islanders call their Creole "patois"...
musical production in which improvisation plays a role" and contains a "sonority and manner of phrasing which mirror the individuality of the performing...
as [eŋˈɡema]. When adapting word-final complex codas that show rising sonority, an epenthetic /e/ is inserted between the two consonants. For example...
innovation in music. Composers sought new approaches to tonality, rhythm, and sonority. Neoromanticism (from c. 1900) Expressionism (c. 1908 – c. 1950) Impressionism...
musicians that emerged in Oporto. With a distinct logo and an unusual sonority that began to make an impression on the nights of their hometown, Terrain...
temperament. Consonance and dissonance are subjective qualities of the sonority of intervals that vary widely in different cultures and over the ages....
were often abusive and censured public figures. Roman prose developed its sonority, dignity, and rhythm in persuasive speech. Rhetoric had already been key...
of each chromatic step and other secondary key areas modulatory space hierarchical organizations of the chromatic set such as George Perle's the use of...
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