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Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions information


In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a polynomial equation of the second degree. The general form is

where a ≠ 0.

The quadratic equation on a number can be solved using the well-known quadratic formula, which can be derived by completing the square. That formula always gives the roots of the quadratic equation, but the solutions are expressed in a form that often involves a quadratic irrational number, which is an algebraic fraction that can be evaluated as a decimal fraction only by applying an additional root extraction algorithm.

If the roots are real, there is an alternative technique that obtains a rational approximation to one of the roots by manipulating the equation directly. The method works in many cases, and long ago it stimulated further development of the analytical theory of continued fractions.

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Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions

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example to illustrate the solution of a quadratic equation using continued fractions. We begin with the equation x 2 = 2 {\displaystyle x^{2}=2} and manipulate...

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Quadratic equation

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Artin–Schreier theory. Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions Linear equation Cubic function Quartic equation Quintic equation Fundamental theorem...

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Generalized continued fraction

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Poitou and George Szekeres. Gauss's continued fraction Padé table Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions Convergence problem Infinite compositions...

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Square root

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square root Nested radical Nth root Root of unity Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions Square-root sum problem Square root principle Quantum...

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History of algebra

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solutions to quadratic equations or as coefficients in an equation. He was also the first to solve three non-linear simultaneous equations with three unknown...

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Algebraic expression

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to each other. These expressions obey the same rules as fractions. The equations can be solved by cross-multiplying. Division by zero is undefined, so...

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Quadratic sieve

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The quadratic sieve algorithm (QS) is an integer factorization algorithm and, in practice, the second-fastest method known (after the general number field...

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Euclidean algorithm

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1624). In Europe, it was likewise used to solve Diophantine equations and in developing continued fractions. The extended Euclidean algorithm was published...

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List of things named after Leonhard Euler

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equation, a first order nonlinear ordinary differential equation Euler conservation equations, a set of quasilinear first-order hyperbolic equations used...

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Pi

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§ Brouncker's formula. Some approximations of pi include: Integers: 3 Fractions: Approximate fractions include (in order of increasing accuracy) 22/7, 333/106, 355/113...

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Ancient Egyptian mathematics

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false position method and quadratic equations. Written evidence of the use of mathematics dates back to at least 3200 BC with the ivory labels found in...

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List of important publications in mathematics

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computing square roots, and general methods of solving linear and some quadratic equations, solution to Pell's equation. Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (820 CE)...

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Golden ratio

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\varphi } satisfies the quadratic equation φ 2 = φ + 1 {\displaystyle \varphi ^{2}=\varphi +1} and is an irrational number with a value of φ = 1 + 5 2...

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Number theory

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requires solving an indeterminate quadratic equation (which reduces to what would later be misnamed Pell's equation). As far as we know, such equations were...

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Brahmagupta

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describe it. He is also credited with the first clear description of the quadratic formula (the solution of the quadratic equation) in his main work, the...

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Factorization

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titled with two such types of manipulation. However, even for solving quadratic equations, the factoring method was not used before Harriot's work published...

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History of mathematics

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include multiplication tables and methods for solving linear, quadratic equations and cubic equations, a remarkable achievement for the time. Tablets...

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Mathematics in the medieval Islamic world

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linear and quadratic equations and the elementary arithmetic of binomials and trinomials. This approach, which involved solving equations using radicals...

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Chinese mathematics

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solving quadratic equations up to the third order. Both texts also made substantial progress in Linear Algebra, namely solving systems of equations with...

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Engel expansion

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quadratic irrationals and their Pierce expansions", Fibonacci Quarterly, 36 (2): 146–153 Kraaikamp, Cor; Wu, Jun (2004), "On a new continued fraction...

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Hurwitz polynomial

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the characteristic equations of stable linear systems. Whether a polynomial is Hurwitz can be determined by solving the equation to find the roots, or...

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Indian mathematics

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trigonometry. Arithmetic: Continued fractions. Algebra: Solutions of simultaneous quadratic equations. Whole number solutions of linear equations by a method equivalent...

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Aryabhata

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trigonometry, and spherical trigonometry. It also contains continued fractions, quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and a table of sines. The Arya-siddhanta...

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Lambert W function

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their equations. Once Euler had solved this equation, he considered the case a = b {\displaystyle a=b} . Taking limits, he derived the equation ln ⁡ x...

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