Chemical process produced by soil and the organisms within it
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Soil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and fauna.
Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO2. CO2 is acquired by plants from the atmosphere and converted into organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis. Plants use these organic compounds to build structural components or respire them to release energy. When plant respiration occurs below-ground in the roots, it adds to soil respiration. Over time, plant structural components are consumed by heterotrophs. This heterotrophic consumption releases CO2 and when this CO2 is released by below-ground organisms, it is considered soil respiration.
The amount of soil respiration that occurs in an ecosystem is controlled by several factors. The temperature, moisture, nutrient content and level of oxygen in the soil can produce extremely disparate rates of respiration. These rates of respiration can be measured in a variety of methods. Other methods can be used to separate the source components, in this case the type of photosynthetic pathway (C3/C4), of the respired plant structures.
Soil respiration rates can be largely affected by human activity. This is because humans have the ability to and have been changing the various controlling factors of soil respiration for numerous years. Global climate change is composed of numerous changing factors including rising atmospheric CO2, increasing temperature and shifting precipitation patterns. All of these factors can affect the rate of global soil respiration. Increased nitrogen fertilization by humans also has the potential to affect rates over the entire planet.
Soil respiration and its rate across ecosystems is extremely important to understand. This is because soil respiration plays a large role in global carbon cycling as well as other nutrient cycles. The respiration of plant structures releases not only CO2 but also other nutrients in those structures, such as nitrogen. Soil respiration is also associated with positive feedback with global climate change. Positive feedback is when a change in a system produces response in the same direction of the change. Therefore, soil respiration rates can be affected by climate change and then respond by enhancing climate change.
Soilrespiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes...
In soilrespiration studies oxygen sensors can be used in conjunction with carbon dioxide sensors to help improve the characterization of soil respiration...
Anaerobic respiration is respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen (O2). Although oxygen is not the final electron acceptor, the...
retained in the soil in the form of soil organic matter; tillage usually increases the rate of soilrespiration, leading to the depletion of soil organic matter...
primary soil gases are nitrogen, carbon dioxide and oxygen. Oxygen is critical because it allows for respiration of both plant roots and soil organisms...
rate of soil respiration is the main cause of this feedback, where measurements imply that 4 °C of warming increases annual soilrespiration by up to 37%...
through soilrespiration. Between 1989 and 2008 soilrespiration increased by about 0.1% per year. In 2008, the global total of CO2 released by soil respiration...
(CO2 respiration) analyses, which today are considered hallmarks of soil health testing. The approach of other soil labs also entering the soil health...
photosystem II function, and carbon metabolism to nitrogen assimilation and respiration. The oxygenase reaction of RuBisCO may prevent CO2 depletion near its...
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive...
science including solute transport studies and as auxiliary sensors for soilrespiration measurements. Relatively cheap and simple devices that do not require...
reduced by 60 GtC/yr of plant respiration. An equivalent 60 GtC/yr is respired from soil, joining the 60 GtC/yr plant respiration to return to the atmosphere...
Ecosystem respiration is the sum of all respiration occurring by the living organisms in a specific ecosystem. The two main processes that contribute...
Soil aeration is the mechanism of exchange of gases between the atmosphere and soil. Through soil microbial activity and plant root respiration, certain...
difference between gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem respiration. Net ecosystem production represents all the carbon produced by plants...
gross, the former accounting for losses to processes such as cellular respiration, the latter not. Primary production is the production of chemical energy...
influencing respiration within soils. Modeling cracks therefore helps understand how these processes work and what the effects of changes in soil cracking...
moisture being a key part of the respiration process), soilrespiration increases with rising temperatures; thus, respiration patterns form the gradient, and...
carbon to organic carbon by photosynthesis. Organic matter that survives respiration and remineralization can be transported through sinking particles and...
up to 20 times the normal concentration. The respiration of CO2 by soil micro-organisms decomposing soil organic matter and the CO2 respired by roots...
the gross primary productivity (GPP) minus the community respiration (sum of the respiration of the local autotrophs and heterotrophs). An efficient biological...
been found by Alldredge and Cohen (1987) who found evidence of both respiration and photosynthesis within aggregates, suggesting the presence of both...
metabolize the organic compounds through another process called cellular respiration. Photosynthesis plays a critical role in producing and maintaining the...
W.; Zeiss, M. R. (2000). "Soil health and sustainability: Managing the biotic component of soil quality" (PDF). Applied Soil Ecology. 15 (1): 3–11. doi:10...
Stagnosols and Planosols. Pedogenesis Pedology (soil study) Soil classification Anaerobic respiration Fougerite, the natural form of green rust Blue goo...
slow down short term global warming. The term black carbon is also used in soil sciences and geology, referring either to deposited atmospheric black carbon...
"Using O<sub>2</sub> to study the relationships between soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux and soilrespiration". Biogeosciences. 12 (7): 2089–2099. Bibcode:2015BGeo...
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