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Obesity and walking effects
Obesity and walking describes how the locomotion of walking differs between an obese individual (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and a non-obese individual. The prevalence of obesity is a worldwide problem. In 2007–2008, prevalence rates for obesity among adult American men were approximately 32% and over 35% amongst adult American women.[1] According to the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 66% of the American population is either overweight or obese and this number is predicted to increase to 75% by 2015.[2] Obesity is linked to health problems such as decreased insulin sensitivity and diabetes,[3] cardiovascular disease,[4] cancer,[5] sleep apnea,[6] and joint pain such as osteoarthritis.[7] It is thought that a major factor of obesity is that obese individuals are in a positive energy balance, meaning that they are consuming more calories than they are expending. Humans expend energy through their basal metabolic rate, the thermic effect of food, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and exercise.[8] While many treatments for obesity are presented to the public, exercise in the form of walking is an easy, relatively safe activity. Walking may initially result in reduced weight, but adopting the habit over the long term may not result in additional weight loss.[9]
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