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Since the Egyptian Revolution in 2011 and the Tunisian Revolution, social media, especially Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, has started to gain traction as a political tool in Africa.[1] Different political actors have used social media to achieve a wide variety of political motives. States actors can encourage political discourse, campaign via social media, or implement censorship and surveillance. Non-state actors, such as civil society organizations and opposition forces, can use social media as a way to address political concerns and use this space to organize wide-spread revolutions, such as the 2014 Burkinabé uprising. Meanwhile, extremist organizations can use social media to further their propaganda and recruitment.[2] However, social media is criticized for its inaccessibility and spread of misinformation, causing some skepticism about effectiveness.[2]
Due to low-entry barriers and user-based content, social media creates a platform where people of different social classes can engage and converse with one another.[3] With traditional media, the public did not have a space to voice their opinions about politics.[4] Social media enables people to create content and consume more content.[4] The public starts to become more comfortable and confident in expressing their political opinions online, away from the scrutiny of the government.[3][4] There are arguments that social media use has democratizing effects on African countries.[4]
^Steenkamp, Marika; Hyde-Clarke, Nathalie (February 2014). "The use of Facebook for political commentary in South Africa". Telematics and Informatics. 31 (1): 91–97. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2012.10.002.
^ abZhuravskaya, Ekaterina and Petrova, Maria and Enikolopov, Ruben, Political Effects of the Internet and Social Media (February 5, 2020). Forthcoming, Annual Review of Economics. DOI/10.1146/annurev-economics-081919-050239. Available at SSRN: SSRN 3439957 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3439957
^ abYusuf Kalyango Jr., & Benjamin Adu-Kumi. (2013). Impact of Social Media on Political Mobilization in East and West Africa. 20.
^ abcdNwafor, Kenneth A.; Odoemelam, Chinedu C.; Orji-Egwu, Agatha; Nwankwo, Simon; Nweze, Samuel (2013). Social Media and Political Participation in Africa: Issues, Challenges and Prospects(PDF). ACCE.
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