Global InformationFilter bubble information
A filter bubble or ideological frame is a state of intellectual isolation[1] that can result from personalized searches, recommendation systems, and algorithmic curation. The search results are based on information about the user, such as their location, past click-behavior, and search history.[2] Consequently, users become separated from information that disagrees with their viewpoints, effectively isolating them in their own cultural or ideological bubbles, resulting in a limited and customized view of the world.[3] The choices made by these algorithms are only sometimes transparent.[4] Prime examples include Google Personalized Search results and Facebook's personalized news-stream.
However there are conflicting reports about the extent to which personalized filtering happens and whether such activity is beneficial or harmful, with various studies producing inconclusive results.
The term filter bubble was coined by internet activist Eli Pariser circa 2010. In Pariser's influential book under the same name, The Filter Bubble (2011), it was predicted that individualized personalization by algorithmic filtering would lead to intellectual isolation and social fragmentation.[5] The bubble effect may have negative implications for civic discourse, according to Pariser, but contrasting views regard the effect as minimal[6] and addressable.[7] According to Pariser, users get less exposure to conflicting viewpoints and are isolated intellectually in their informational bubble.[8] He related an example in which one user searched Google for "BP" and got investment news about British Petroleum, while another searcher got information about the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, noting that the two search results pages were "strikingly different" despite use of the same key words.[8][9][10][6] The results of the U.S. presidential election in 2016 have been associated with the influence of social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook,[11] and as a result have called into question the effects of the "filter bubble" phenomenon on user exposure to fake news and echo chambers,[12] spurring new interest in the term,[13] with many concerned that the phenomenon may harm democracy and well-being by making the effects of misinformation worse.[14][15][13][16][17][18]
- ^ Technopedia, Definition – What does Filter Bubble mean? Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved October 10, 2017, "....A filter bubble is the intellectual isolation, that can occur when websites make use of algorithms to selectively assume the information a user would want to see, and then give information to the user according to this assumption ... A filter bubble, therefore, can cause users to get significantly less contact with contradicting viewpoints, causing the user to become intellectually isolated...."
- ^ Bozdag, Engin (September 2013). "Bias in algorithmic filtering and personalization". Ethics and Information Technology. 15 (3): 209–227. doi:10.1007/s10676-013-9321-6. S2CID 14970635.
- ^ Huffington Post, The Huffington Post "Are Filter-bubbles Shrinking Our Minds?" Archived 2016-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Encrypt, Search (February 26, 2019). "What Are Filter Bubbles & How To Avoid Them". Search Encrypt Blog. Archived from the original on February 25, 2019. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
- ^ Kitchens, Brent; Johnson, Steve L.; Gray, Peter (December 1, 2020). "Understanding Echo Chambers and Filter Bubbles: The Impact of Social Media on Diversification and Partisan Shifts in News Consumption". MIS Quarterly. 44 (4): 1619–1649. doi:10.25300/MISQ/2020/16371. S2CID 229294134.
- ^ a b Boutin, Paul (May 20, 2011). "Your Results May Vary: Will the information superhighway turn into a cul-de-sac because of automated filters?". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
By tracking individual Web browsers with cookies, Google has been able to personalize results even for users who don't create a personal Google account or are not logged into one. ...
- ^ Zhang, Yuan Cao; Séaghdha, Diarmuid Ó; Quercia, Daniele; Jambor, Tamas (2012). "Auralist: Introducing serendipity into music recommendation". Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining. pp. 13–22. doi:10.1145/2124295.2124300. ISBN 9781450307475. S2CID 2956587.
- ^ a b Parramore, Lynn (October 10, 2010). "The Filter Bubble". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on August 22, 2017. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
Since December 4, 2009, Google has been personalized for everyone. So when I had two friends this spring Google "BP," one of them got a set of links that was about investment opportunities in BP. The other one got information about the oil spill....
- ^ Weisberg, Jacob (June 10, 2011). "Bubble Trouble: Is Web personalization turning us into solipsistic twits?". Slate. Archived from the original on June 12, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
- ^ Gross, Doug (May 19, 2011). "What the Internet is hiding from you". CNN. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
I had friends Google BP when the oil spill was happening. These are two women who were quite similar in a lot of ways. One got a lot of results about the environmental consequences of what was happening and the spill. The other one just got investment information and nothing about the spill at all.
- ^ Baer, Drake. "The 'Filter Bubble' Explains Why Trump Won and You Didn't See It Coming". Science of Us. Archived from the original on April 19, 2017. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
DiFranzo & Gloria-Garcia 2017was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Jasper Jackson (January 8, 2017). "Eli Pariser: activist whose filter bubble warnings presaged Trump and Brexit: Upworthy chief warned about dangers of the internet's echo chambers five years before 2016's votes". The Guardian. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
..."If you only see posts from folks who are like you, you're going to be surprised when someone very unlike you wins the presidency," Pariser tells The Guardian....
- ^ Mostafa M. El-Bermawy (November 18, 2016). "Your Filter Bubble is Destroying Democracy". Wired. Archived from the original on March 9, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
...The global village that was once the internet ... digital islands of isolation that are drifting further apart each day ... your experience online grows increasingly personalized ...
- ^ Drake Baer (November 9, 2016). "The 'Filter Bubble' Explains Why Trump Won and You Didn't See It Coming". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
...Trump's victory is blindsiding ... because, as media scholars understand it, we increasingly live in a "filter bubble": The information we take in is so personalized that we're blind to other perspectives....
- ^ Holone, Harald (June 2016). "The filter bubble and its effect on online personal health information". Croatian Medical Journal. 57 (3): 298–301. doi:10.3325/cmj.2016.57.298. PMC 4937233. PMID 27374832.
- ^ Haim, Mario; Arendt, Florian; Scherr, Sebastian (February 2017). "Abyss or Shelter? On the Relevance of Web Search Engines' Search Results When People Google for Suicide". Health Communication. 32 (2): 253–258. doi:10.1080/10410236.2015.1113484. PMID 27196394. S2CID 3399012.
- ^ "Medical Misinformation and Social Harm in Non-Science Based Health Practices: A Multidisciplinary Perspective". CRC Press. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2020.