Antiparasite defence mounted for the benefit of individuals other than the actor
For other uses, see Herd immunity.
Social immunity adaptations are found in numerous branches of the tree of life, from microbes to humans
top: A giant moray eel being cleaned by a cleaner fish and a burying beetle begins to prepare a carcass
bottom: An adult olive baboon allogrooming and a doctor performing surgery
Social immunity is any antiparasite defence mounted for the benefit of individuals other than the actor. For parasites, the frequent contact, high population density and low genetic variability makes social groups of organisms a promising target for infection: this has driven the evolution of collective and cooperative anti-parasite mechanisms that both prevent the establishment of and reduce the damage of diseases among group members. Social immune mechanisms range from the prophylactic, such as burying beetles smearing their carcasses with antimicrobials or termites fumigating their nests with naphthalene, to the active defenses seen in the imprisoning of parasitic beetles by honeybees or by the miniature 'hitchhiking' leafcutter ants which travel on larger worker's leaves to fight off parasitoid flies. Whilst many specific social immune mechanisms had been studied in relative isolation (e.g. the "collective medication" of wood ants), it was not until Sylvia Cremer et al.'s 2007 paper "Social Immunity" that the topic was seriously considered. Empirical and theoretical work in social immunity continues to reveal not only new mechanisms of protection but also implications for understanding of the evolution of group living and polyandry.
Social immunity (also termed collective immunity) describes the additional level of disease protection arising in social groups from collective disease defences, performed either jointly or towards one another. These collective defences complement the individual immunity of all group members and constitute an extra layer of protection at the group level, combining behavioural, physiological and organisational adaptations. These defences can be employed either prophylactically or on demand.
and polyandry. Socialimmunity (also termed collective immunity) describes the additional level of disease protection arising in social groups from collective...
queens. In many social insect species, social behavior can increase the disease resistance of animals. This phenomenon, called socialimmunity, exists in carpenter...
Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine whereby a sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal...
Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content, ideas, interests, and other forms of expression...
those for taste, and the European honey bee has fewer genes regulating immunity than the fruit fly and the mosquito. The genome sequence also revealed...
Herd immunity (also called herd effect, community immunity, population immunity, or mass immunity) is a form of indirect protection that applies only to...
exposed to the Metahizium species. Sometimes, this leads to a protective immunity to future low-level exposures to this fungi for the surviving colony members...
transfer immunity through trophallaxis by the direct transfer of antimicrobial substances, increasing disease resistance and socialimmunity of the colony...
social connection to be public health priority. One of the main ways social connection may affect our health is through the immune system. The immune...
provides immunity for online computer services with respect to third-party content generated by its users. At its core, Section 230(c)(1) provides immunity from...
In addition to immunity, Maria won reward for herself and two other castaways of her choice; she chose Ben and Q. In addition to immunity, Kenzie won reward...
unilateralis' principal hosts evolved efficient behavioral forms of socialimmunity. The ants clean each other's exoskeletons to decrease the presence...
However, if the added benefit of herd immunity means person B values person A's immunity at $70 then the total social marginal benefit of their immunization...
in the study of socialimmunity. In future research, this beetle will continue to be a model used to understand the many complex social behaviors that...
WHO said that the herd immunity component of the proposed strategy is undermined by the unknown duration of post-infection immunity. They said that the more...
reward. In addition to immunity, Dee won reward for her entire team for lasting the longest in the challenge. In addition to immunity, Drew won reward for...
An immunity passport, immunity certificate, health pass or release certificate (among other names used by various local authorities) is a document, whether...
long, Jeff ended it, with both Karla and Owen winning immunity. Cody was also granted immunity after finding a "Choose Your Champion" advantage and correctly...
guessed the winning team and, as a result, also won immunity and reward. In addition to immunity, Carson won reward for himself and one other castaway...
is "...a method of development based on moderation, prudence, and socialimmunity, one that uses knowledge and virtue as guidelines in living." A chapter...
Social constructionism is a term used in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory. The term can serve somewhat different functions in each...
environments with high extrinsic mortality should favor innate immunity or short-term immunity while low extrinsic mortality should allow for a longer time...
'bona fide' science is completely immune from all socialisation and paradigm shifts, merely that the strong social constructivist claim that all scientific...
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