Social dominance orientation (SDO)[1] is a personality trait measuring an individual's support for social hierarchy and the extent to which they desire their in-group be superior to out-groups.[2] SDO is conceptualized under social dominance theory as a measure of individual differences in levels of group-based discrimination; that is, it is a measure of an individual's preference for hierarchy within any social system and the domination over lower-status groups. It is a predisposition toward anti-egalitarianism within and between groups.
Individuals who score high in SDO desire to maintain and, in many cases, increase the differences between social statuses of different groups, as well as individual group members. Typically, they are dominant, driven, tough, and seekers of power.[citation needed] People high in SDO also prefer hierarchical group orientations. Often, people who score high in SDO adhere strongly to belief in a "dog-eat-dog" world.[3] It has also been found that men are generally higher than women in SDO measures.[4][5][page needed] A study of undergraduates found that SDO does not have a strong positive relationship with authoritarianism.[2]
^Sidanius & Pratto 1999, pp. 61–68.
^ abPratto et al. 1994.
^Levin et al. 2002.
^Sidanius & Pratto 1999, p. 77.
^Forsyth 2009.
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