Not to be confused with the rhetoric, mannerisms and statements of Donald Trump known as Trumpisms.
See also: Political positions of Donald Trump and Factions in the Republican Party (United States) § Trumpists
Clockwise from top:
Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign rally in Greenville, North Carolina; Donald Trump at a 2016 rally in Arizona; armed supporters of Trump at a Minnesota demonstration, September 2020;[note 1] a supporter kneeling in prayer at a 2016 Trump rally in Tucson; a supporter rejecting calls for empathy at a rally in 2019; Trump supporters storming the Capitol Building on January 6, 2021[note 2]
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Trumpism is an authoritarian[a] political movement that follows the political ideologies associated with Donald Trump and his political base[32][33] incorporating ideologies such as right-wing populism, national conservatism, neo-nationalism, and neo-fascism.[b] Trumpist rhetoric heavily features anti-immigrant,[43] xenophobic,[44] nativist,[45] and racist attacks against minority groups.[46][47] Other identified aspects include conspiracist,[48][49] isolationist,[45][50] Christian nationalist,[51] protectionist,[52][53] anti-feminist,[17][13] and anti-LGBT[54] beliefs. Trumpists and Trumpians are terms that refer to individuals exhibiting its characteristics.
The distinguishing mark of Trumpism is that it is authoritarian,[55] meaning that Trumpists do not want presidential power to be limited by the Constitution or by the rule of law.[56] It has been referred to as an American political variant of the far right[57][58] and the national-populist and neo-nationalist sentiment seen in multiple nations worldwide from the late 2010s[59] to the early 2020s. Though not strictly limited to any one party, Trump supporters became the largest faction of the United States Republican Party, with the remainder often characterized as "the elite" or "the establishment" in contrast. In response to the rise of Trump, there has arisen a Never Trump movement.
Some commentators have rejected the populist designation for Trumpism and view it instead as part of a trend towards a new form of fascism or neo-fascism, with some referring to it as explicitly fascist and others as authoritarian and illiberal.[60][18][62][note 3] Others have more mildly identified it as a specific light version of fascism in the United States.[66][29] Some historians, including many of those using a new fascism classification,[note 4] write of the hazards of direct comparisons with European fascist regimes of the 1930s, stating that while there are parallels, there are also important dissimilarities.[68][69][note 5] Certain characteristics within public relations and Trump's political base have exhibited symptoms of a cult of personality.[71][72][73][74]
The label Trumpism has been applied to national-conservative and national-populist movements in other democracies. Many politicians outside of the United States have been labeled as staunch allies of Trump or Trumpism (or even as their countries' equivalent to Trump) by various news agencies; among them are Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil, Tayyip Erdoğan of Turkey, Viktor Orbán of Hungary, Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines, Shinzo Abe of Japan, and Yoon Suk Yeol of South Korea.
^Hovland 2020.
^McCarthy, Ho & Greve 2021.
^Andersen 2021.
^Blake 2021.
^Haberman 2021.
^da Silva 2020.
^LeVine, Marianne; Arnsdorf, Isaac (December 13, 2023). "Trump backers laugh off, cheer 'dictator' comments, as scholars voice alarm". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on December 15, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
^Bender, Michael C.; Gold, Michael (November 20, 2023). "Trump's Dire Words Raise New Fears About His Authoritarian Bent". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
^Baker, Peter (December 9, 2023). "Talk of a Trump Dictatorship Charges the American Political Debate". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
^Arnsdorf, Isaac; Dawsey, Josh; Barrett, Devlin (November 5, 2023). "Trump and allies plot revenge, Justice Department control in a second term". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
^Colvin, Jill; Barrow, Bill (December 8, 2023). "Trump's vow to only be a dictator on 'day one' follows growing worry over his authoritarian rhetoric". AP News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
^Stone, Peter (November 22, 2023). "'Openly authoritarian campaign': Trump's threats of revenge fuel alarm". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 27, 2023. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
^ abBeinart, Peter (January 2019). "The New Authoritarians Are Waging War on Women". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on January 27, 2024. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
^Breslin, Maureen (November 8, 2021). "Former aide: Trump would 'absolutely' impose some form of autocracy in second term". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
^Baker, Peter (June 10, 2022). "Trump Is Depicted as a Would-Be Autocrat Seeking to Hang Onto Power at All Costs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 10, 2022. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
^Gessen, Masha (June 27, 2020). "Since day one, Donald Trump has been an autocrat in the making". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on September 25, 2023. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
^ abKaul 2021.
^ abcAdler, Paul S.; Adly, Amr; Armanios, Daniel Erian; Battilana, Julie; Bodrožić, Zlatko; Clegg, Stewart; Davis, Gerald F.; Gartenberg, Claudine; Glynn, Mary Ann; Gümüsay, Ali Aslan; Haveman, Heather A.; Leonardi, Paul; Lounsbury, Michael; McGahan, Anita M.; Meyer, Renate; Phillips, Nelson; Sheppard-Jones, Kara (2022). "Authoritarianism, Populism, and the Global Retreat of Democracy: A Curated Discussion" (PDF). Journal of Management Inquiry. 32 (1): 3–20. doi:10.1177/10564926221119395. S2CID 251870215. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024. The decoupling of the man from the movement suggests that authoritarianism can continue well beyond the authoritarian's rule. The most enduring vestige—apart from the democratic institutions attacked—is Trumpism. It has metastasized from Trump's delusional framing on his inauguration day in 2017—with the biggest crowds ever—to a widespread and ambient movement, amplified by disinformation and distortion, broadcast in social and right-wing media, aggressively militant, and framed with falsehoods.
^ abCite error: The named reference Shapiro-2021 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kellner 2018.
^ abcBadiou 2019, p. 19.
^ abcGiroux 2021.
^ abcIbish 2020.
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^ abcMcGaughey 2018.
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^Rushkoff, Douglas (July 7, 2016). "The New Nationalism Of Brexit And Trump Is A Product Of The Digital Age". Fast Company. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
^Goldberg, Jonah (August 16, 2016). "'New nationalism' amounts to generic white identity politics". Newsday. Archived from the original on November 26, 2016. Retrieved January 20, 2024. To listen to both his defenders and critics, Donald Trump represents the U.S. version of a new nationalism popping up around the world.
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