Board and starting positions for sholo guti, or sixteen soldiers
Sixteen soldiers is a two-player abstract strategy board game from Sri Lanka. It also comes from India under the name cows and leopards. A variant of this game is also popular in Bangladesh, where it is known as sholo guti (sixteen pieces). One way it is played (especially in villages), is by drawing the court of the game on the ground and using stones as pawns.[1]
The game was documented by Henry Parker in Ancient Ceylon: An Account of the Aborigines and of Part of the Early Civilisation (1909) with the name Hēwākam Keliya or the War Game.[2] Parker mentions that the game is also played in India and Bangladesh under the name sōlah guttiya or sixteen balls. The game is similar to draughts (checkers) and alquerque as players hop over one another's pieces to capture them; it is more similar to alquerque between the two since it uses a standard alquerque board. However, unlike standard alquerque, an additional two triangular boards are attached on two opposite sides of the standard alquerque board. Furthermore, pieces can move and capture in any direction from the beginning.
Parker mentions that the game pieces are called "soldiers", and when a soldier is captured it is said to be "chopped".
Its actual closest relatives are peralikatuma and Kotu Ellima which are also from Sri Lanka. The difference between these three closely related games is that Peralikatuma and Kotu Ellima have four triangular board extensions as opposed to two. Also the number of pieces differ. In sixteen soldiers, each player has 16 pieces hence the name of the game. In peralikatuma, each player has 23 pieces. In Kotu Ellima, each player has 24 pieces. Sixteen soldiers is also related to the Indonesian game of Permainan-Tabal.
^Sports of Bangladesh, Rashid Haider, Bangla Academy
^Parker, Henry (1909). Ancient Ceylon: An Account of the Aborigines and of Part of the Early Civilisation. London: Luzac & Co. p. 583.
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