The sirex woodwasp (Sirex noctilio) is a species of horntail, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa.[1][2] Adults vary in length from 9 to 36 mm (3⁄8 to 1+3⁄8 in).
This woodwasp is an invasive species in many parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, North America, South America, and South Africa, where it has become a significant economic pest of pine trees.[3] The wasp can attack a wide variety of pine species, although some species seem to be more susceptible than others, and stressed trees often are attacked.
During oviposition, the female wasp lays two eggs with or without a mucoid substance and a symbiotic fungus for the larvae to feed on once they hatch.[4] The mucoid substance is toxic to trees and aids in tree decline. The arthrospores from the symbiotic fungus, Amylostereum areolatum, are also pathogenic.[5]
^Hurley, B.P., B. Slippers, and M. J. Wingfield (2007). "A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere". Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 9 (3): 159–17. doi:10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00340.x. hdl:2263/3444. S2CID 54217378.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^"USDA – APHIS – Plant Health, Plant Protection and Quarantine". United States of Department of Agriculture. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
^Madden, J. L. (1974). "Oviposition Behavior of the Woodwasp Sirex noctilio F". Australian Journal of Zoology. 22 (3): 341–351. doi:10.1071/ZO9740341.
^Coutts, M. & Dolezal, J.E. (1969). "Emplacement of Fungal Spores by the Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, During Oviposition" (PDF). Forest Science. 15 (4): 412–416. doi:10.1093/FORESTSCIENCE/15.4.412 (inactive 31 January 2024). S2CID 196674712. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2021-11-19.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
The sirexwoodwasp (Sirex noctilio) is a species of horntail, native to Europe, Asia, and northern Africa. Adults vary in length from 9 to 36 mm (3⁄8...
the 'Sirexwoodwasp' is an invasive species, having spread widely across the world from its original range. Sirex abietinus Goulet, 2012 Sirex areolatus...
Urocerus gigas, the giant woodwasp, banded horntail, or greater horntail, is a species of sawfly native to the Palearctic realm and North Africa. Adults...
(August 2007). "A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio , in the southern hemisphere". Agricultural and Forest Entomology...
wood and risk damaging its delicate wings, although there is a record of a Sirex-infested tree having been cut into rafters which were used in building a...
boring-insect/fungal associations include ambrosia beetles with ambrosia fungi, the sirexwoodwasp with its fungal partner Amylostereum areolatum, and more. In a significantly...
Wingfield (2007). "A comparison of control results for the alien invasive woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, in the southern hemisphere". Agricultural and Forest Entomology...
Amylostereum areolatum is spread by the sirexwoodwasp. The fungus gains access to new trees to live off, and the woodwasp larvae gain food. Many plants can...
structures adapted for the transport of symbiotic fungi. The A. areolatum–Sirexwoodwasp (S. noctilio) symbiont complex has been studied extensively because...
"Parasitoids in the management of Sirex noctilio". In Bernard Slippers, Peter de Groot & Michael John Wingfield (ed.). The SirexWoodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont:...
Slippers, Bernard; de Groot, Peter; Wingfield, Michael John (2011). The SirexWoodwasp and its Fungal Symbiont: Research and Management of a Worldwide Invasive...
long-horned beetle infests primarily maple, poplar, willow and elm Sirexwoodwasp infests multiple pine species Southern pine beetle also infests several...
management of Sirex: looking back and looking ahead, Ch. 8. In B. Slippers, P. de Groot, and M. J. Wingfield (eds.), The SirexWoodwasp and its Fungal...
the shortages experienced during the war. The threat of introduced sirexwoodwasp in the early 1950s and its eventual discovery on the Australian mainland...
the woodwasps (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) were first described by Buchner. Different from highly diverse types in bark and ambrosia beetles, woodwasps only...
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