Schematic representation of normal sinus rhythm showing standard wave, segments, and intervals
A sinus rhythm is any cardiac rhythm in which depolarisation of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node.[1] It is necessary, but not sufficient, for normal electrical activity within the heart.[2] On the electrocardiogram (ECG), a sinus rhythm is characterised by the presence of P waves that are normal in morphology.[2]
The term normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is sometimes used to denote a specific type of sinus rhythm where all other measurements on the ECG also fall within designated normal limits, giving rise to the characteristic appearance of the ECG when the electrical conduction system of the heart is functioning normally; however, other sinus rhythms can be entirely normal in particular patient groups and clinical contexts, so the term is sometimes considered a misnomer and its use is sometimes discouraged.[3][4]
Example of a sinus rhythm with bifascicular block
Other types of sinus rhythm that can be normal include sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and sinus arrhythmia. Sinus rhythms may be present together with various other cardiac arrhythmias on the same ECG.
^Hampton, John R (2013). The ECG Made Easy (8th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 4. ISBN 9780702046421.
^ abCite error: The named reference twostep was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Conover, Boudreau Conover (2003). Understanding Electrocardiography (8th ed.). St Louis: Mosby. p. 46. ISBN 9780323019057.
^Geiter, Henry B. (2006). E–Z ECG Rhythm Interpretation (1st ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. p. 106. ISBN 9780803620353.
A sinusrhythm is any cardiac rhythm in which depolarisation of the cardiac muscle begins at the sinus node. It is necessary, but not sufficient, for normal...
Sinus bradycardia is a sinusrhythm with a reduced rate of electrical discharge from the sinoatrial node, resulting in a bradycardia, a heart rate that...
Sinus tachycardia is a sinusrhythm of the heart, with an increased rate of electrical discharge from the sinoatrial node, resulting in a tachycardia...
Sinus arrhythmia is a commonly encountered variation of normal sinusrhythm. Sinus arrhythmia characteristically presents with an irregular rate in which...
This sinusrhythm is important because it ensures that the heart's atria reliably contract before the ventricles.[citation needed] In junctional rhythm, however...
to convert the rhythm to normal sinusrhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can convert AF to normal heart rhythm and is often necessary...
normal resting hearts, the physiologic rhythm of the heart is normal sinusrhythm (NSR). Normal sinusrhythm produces the prototypical pattern of P wave...
Bradycardia caused by the alterations of sinus node activity is divided into three types. Sinus bradycardia is a sinusrhythm of less than 50 BPM. Cardiac action...
patterns. A slow rhythm (less than 60 beats/min) is labelled bradycardia. This may be caused by a slowed signal from the sinus node (sinus bradycardia),...
based on the cardiac rhythm of a patient. There are many common heart rhythms that are part of a few different categories, sinus arrhythmia, atrial arrhythmia...
brain Sinus (botany), a space or indentation, usually on a leaf Sinus node, a structure in the superior part of the right atrium Sinusrhythm, normal...
node continuously produces action potentials, setting the rhythm of the heart (sinusrhythm), and so is known as the heart's natural pacemaker. The rate...
the sinoatrial node typically regulates the heartbeat during normal sinusrhythm, PACs occur when another region of the atria depolarizes before the sinoatrial...
antiarrhythmic drugs. Most episodes will revert spontaneously to a normal sinusrhythm. Symptoms and consequences include palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness...
"ablate and pace" treatment (see below). The mainstay of maintaining sinusrhythm is the use of antiarrhythmic agents. Recently, other approaches have...
Sinus node dysfunction (SND), also known as sick sinus syndrome (SSS), is a group of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) usually caused by a malfunction...
pacemaker in the sinoatrial node of the heart is able to re-establish normal sinusrhythm. A heart which is in asystole (flatline) cannot be restarted by a defibrillator;...
(SA) node, the natural and primary pacemaker, and the resultant rhythm is a sinusrhythm. Sometimes a secondary pacemaker sets the pace, if the SA node...
rhythmical heart beat, called sinusrhythm, is established by the heart's own pacemaker, the sinoatrial node (also known as the sinus node or the SA node). Here...
60-100 bpm is known as a normal sinusrhythm. If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate less than 60 bpm, the heart rhythm is known as sinus bradycardia. If SA nodal...
stimulation predominates as, left unregulated, the SA node would initiate a sinusrhythm of approximately 100 bpm. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimuli...
higher-than-normal heart rhythm, though monitoring the condition is generally recommended. The mechanism and primary etiology of inappropriate sinus tachycardia has...
It is identical to a normal sinusrhythm, except for its faster rate (>100 beats per minute in adults). However, sinus tachycardia is considered part...
in heart rate of 51 beats per minute and 79% of patients reverted to sinusrhythm. Most patients did not need beta-blocker therapy long term as studies...
(atrioventricular bundle), the bundle branches, and the Purkinje cells. Normal sinusrhythm is established by the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's pacemaker. The...
Global Information
