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Siege of Port Arthur information


This article is about the land battle. For the naval battle, see Battle of Port Arthur. For the First Sino-Japanese War battle in 1894, see Battle of Lushunkou.

Siege of Port Arthur
Part of the Russo-Japanese War

Russian 500-pound shell bursting near the Japanese siege guns, near Port Arthur
DateAugust 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905
(5 months and 1 day)
Location
Port Arthur (modern Lüshunkou District, China)
Result Japanese victory
Belligerents
Siege of Port Arthur Empire of Japan Siege of Port Arthur Russian Empire
Commanders and leaders
Siege of Port Arthur Nogi Maresuke
Siege of Port Arthur Kodama Gentarō
Siege of Port Arthur Ijichi Kōsuke
Siege of Port Arthur Nakamura Satoru
Empire of Japan Tōgō Heihachirō		 Russian Empire Anatoly Stessel Surrendered
Russian Empire Roman Kondratenko †
Russian Empire Alexander Fok Surrendered
Russian Empire Konstantin Smirnov Surrendered
Russian Empire Robert Viren Surrendered
Strength
201,000
  • 150,000 troops
  • 51,000 reserves
474 artillery pieces		 101,000
  • 50,000 troops
  • 44,000 volunteers
  • 12,000 sailors
  • 7,000 recruits
506 artillery pieces
Casualties and losses
91,549
  • 57,780 army casualties[1]
  • 33,769 sick[1]
16 warships lost including 2 battleships and 4 cruisers[1]		 55,675
  • 31,306 army casualties[1]
  • 24,369 captured[1]
Entire fleet lost[1]
Location within China

The siege of Port Arthur (Japanese: 旅順攻囲戦, Ryojun Kōisen; Russian: Оборона Порт-Артура, Oborona Port-Artura, August 1, 1904 – January 2, 1905) was the longest and most violent land battle of the Russo-Japanese War.

Port Arthur, the deep-water port and Russian naval base at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, had been widely regarded as one of the most strongly fortified positions in the world. However, during the First Sino-Japanese War, General Nogi Maresuke had taken the city from the forces of Qing China in only a few days. The ease of his victory during the previous conflict, and overconfidence by the Japanese General Staff in its ability to overcome improved Russian fortifications, led to a much longer campaign and far greater losses than expected.

The siege of Port Arthur saw the introduction of much technology used in subsequent wars of the 20th century (particularly in World War I) including massive 28 cm howitzers that fired 217-kilogram (478-pound) shells with a range of 8 kilometers (5.0 miles), rapid-firing light howitzers, Maxim machine guns, bolt-action magazine rifles, barbed wire entanglements, electric fences, arc lamp, searchlights, tactical radio signalling (and, in response, the first military use of radio jamming), hand grenades, extensive trench warfare, and the use of modified naval mines as land weapons.

  1. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference Clodfelter648 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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