Visible wave pattern in a supersonic exhaust plume
Not to be confused with the mineral diamond.
Shock diamonds (also known as Mach diamonds or thrust diamonds) are a formation of standing wave patterns that appear in the supersonic exhaust plume of an aerospace propulsion system, such as a supersonic jet engine, rocket, ramjet, or scramjet, when it is operated in an atmosphere. The "diamonds" are actually a complex flow field made visible by abrupt changes in local density and pressure as the exhaust passes through a series of standing shock waves and expansion fans. The physicist Ernst Mach was the first to describe a strong shock normal to the direction of fluid flow, the presence of which causes the diamond pattern.[1]: 48
^Michael L. Norman; Karl-Heinz A. Winkler (July 1985). "Supersonic Jets". Los Alamos Science. 12: 38–71.
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