Chinese: 上海合作组织 Russian: Шанхайская Организация Сотрудничества
Members Observers Dialogue partners
Abbreviation
SCO
Predecessor
Shanghai Five
Formation
15 June 2001; 22 years ago (2001-06-15)
Type
Mutual security, political, and economic cooperation
Legal status
Regional cooperation forum[1]
Headquarters
Beijing, China (Secretariat) Tashkent, Uzbekistan (RATS Executive Committee)
Membership
China
India
Iran
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Pakistan
Russia
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Observers:
Belarus
Mongolia
Dialogue partners:
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Cambodia
Egypt
Kuwait
Maldives
Myanmar
Nepal
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Guest attendees:
ASEAN
CIS
Turkmenistan
UN
Inactive:
Afghanistan[2]
Official language
Chinese
Russian[3]
Secretary-General
Zhang Ming
Deputy Secretaries-General
Grigory Logvinov
Sobirzoda Gulmakhmad
Sohail Khan
Shri Janesh Kain
Nuran Niyazaliyev
Nurlan Yermekbayev
RATS Executive Committee Director
Ruslan Mirzaev
Website
sectsco.org
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001. It is the world's largest regional organization in terms of geographic scope and population, covering approximately 80% of the area of Eurasia[4] and 40% of the world population. As of 2021, its combined GDP was around 20% of global GDP.[5]
The SCO is the successor to the Shanghai Five, formed in 1996 between the People's Republic of China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan.[6] In June 2001, the leaders of these nations and Uzbekistan met in Shanghai to announce a new organization with deeper political and economic cooperation. In June 2017, it expanded to eight states, with India and Pakistan. Iran joined the group in July 2023. Several countries are engaged as observers or dialogue partners.
The SCO is governed by the Heads of State Council (HSC), its supreme decision-making body, which meets once a year. The organization also contains the so-called Regional Antiterrorist Structure (RATS).
^Lars Erslev Andersen (4 November 2022). "Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". Danish Institute for International Studies. Retrieved 4 November 2022. However, it is not a defence alliance but rather a forum for cooperation that includes security policy issues.
^Cite error: The named reference Taliban was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference about-sco was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"The evolution of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation". Strategic Comments. 24 (5): vii–ix. 2018. doi:10.1080/13567888.2018.1495424. S2CID 219696506.
^"Iran looks east after China-led bloc OKs entry". France 24. 18 September 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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