This article is about the province. For the peninsula, see Shandong Peninsula. For other uses, see Shandong (disambiguation).
"Shantung" redirects here. For the fabric, see Shantung (fabric). For other uses, see Shan Tung (disambiguation).
Province in China
Shandong
山东
Province
Province of Shandong
Name transcription(s)
• Chinese
山东省Shāndōng shěng
• Abbreviation
SD / 鲁Lǔ
Clockwise from top left: the South Gate to Heaven at Mount Tai, Qingdao from the sea, the Temple of Confucius in Qufu, the Yellow River delta at Kenli, the Ancient City of Langya in Linyi, and Thousand Buddha Mountain in Jinan
"Shandong" in simplified (top) and traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese
山东
Traditional Chinese
山東
Literal meaning
East of the Taihang Mountains
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Shāndōng
Bopomofo
ㄕㄢㄉㄨㄥ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Shandong
Wade–Giles
Shan1-tung1
IPA
[ʂán.tʊ́ŋ]
Wu
Romanization
Se平 ton平
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Sāan-dūng
Jyutping
Saan1-dung1
IPA
[saːn˥.toŋ˥]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Soaⁿ-tang
Tâi-lô
Suann-tang
Shandong[a] is a coastal province in East China.[8] Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural and religious center for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and a site with one of the longest histories of continuous religious worship in the world.[9] The Buddhist temples in the mountains south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China.[10] The city of Qufu was the birthplace of Confucius, and later became the center of Confucianism.[11]
Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient and modern north–south and east–west trading routes has helped establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship beginning in the late 19th century, Shandong has experienced rapid growth in recent decades. Home to over 100 million inhabitants, Shandong is the world's sixth-most populous subnational entity, and China's second-most populous province.[12] The economy of Shandong is China's third-largest provincial economy with a GDP of CN¥8.3 trillion (US$1.3 trillion) in 2021, equivalent to the GDP of Mexico.[13][14] If considered among sovereign states, Shandong would rank as the 15th-largest economy and the 15th-most populous as of 2021[update].[15] Its GDP per capita is around the national average.
Shandong is one of China's leading provinces in education and research. It has 153 higher education institutions, ranking second in East China after Jiangsu and fourth among all Chinese first-level divisions after Jiangsu, Guangdong and Henan.[16] As of 2023[update], the Nature Index ranked Jinan ranked 32nd and Qingdao 43rd in the top 50 cities in the world by scientific research output.[17]
^Назначены новые секретари парткомов провинций Шаньдун и Шаньси (in Russian). dknews.kz. 30 December 2022. Archived from the original on 30 December 2022.
^"Doing Business in China". Ministry Of Commerce. n.d. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2013.
^"Communiqué of the Seventh National Population Census (No. 3)". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
^"山东省2021年GDP突破8.3万亿,同比增长8.3%" (in Chinese). SD News. 20 January 2022. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
^"Subnational HDI (v5.0)". Global Data Lab. 2019. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
^"Shandong". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021.
^"Shandong". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary.
^Tian Xia; Bai Bo (2005). Atlas of World Heritage—China. Long River Press. p. 70. ISBN 9781592650606.
^"Mount Taishan". UNESCO. n.d. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 30 September 2019.
^Kelly, Margaret, ed. (2007). China. Fodor's Travel Publications. ISBN 978-1-400-01731-7.
^Berling, Judith A. (n.d.). "Confucianism". Asia Society. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
^"Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census". National Bureau of Statistics of China. 11 May 2021. Archived from the original on 11 May 2021.
^"Decoding China's 2021 GDP Growth Rate: A Look at Regional Numbers". China Briefing News. 7 February 2022. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^"GDP of Mexico". World Bank. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^"GDP Data". World Bank. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
^""List of National Colleges and Universities - Government Portal of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"". Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
^"Nature Index 2023 Science Cities". Nature. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
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Shandong is a coastal province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the...
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Shandong (17; Chinese: 山东舰; pinyin: Shāndōng Jiàn) is a Chinese aircraft carrier that was launched on 26 April 2017 for the People's Liberation Army Navy...
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Shandong University (山东大学; SDU) is a public university in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education of China. The university...
Shandong cuisine (simplified Chinese: 山东菜; traditional Chinese: 山東菜; pinyin: Shāndōngcài), more commonly known in Chinese as Lu cuisine, is one of the...
The Shandong (Shantung) Peninsula or Jiaodong (Chiaotung) Peninsula is a peninsula in Shandong in eastern China, between the Bohai Sea to the north and...
The Shandong Problem or Shandong Question (simplified Chinese: 山东问题; traditional Chinese: 山東問題; pinyin: Shāndōng wèntí, Japanese: 山東問題, Santō mondai) was...
The Shandong Museum (Chinese: 山东博物馆; pinyin: Shāndōng Bówùguǎn) is the principal museum of Shandong Province. It is located in the City of Jinan, Shandong...
Shandong Iron and Steel Group Co Ltd (Chinese: 山东钢铁集团), commonly known as Shandong Steel, is a Chinese steel company based in Jinan. 2015 it was ranked...
Shandong Energy Group Co. Ltd. (Chinese: 山东能源集团有限公司) is a state owned coal-mining company headquartered in Jinan, Shandong, China. It is among the seven...
Shandong Gold Group is a state-owned Chinese gold mining company under the provincial government of Shandong. The company is the second-largest producer...
The people of Shandong province or Shandong people (simplified Chinese: 山东人; traditional Chinese: 山東人; pinyin: Shāndōng rén) refers to those who are native...
Shandong Lingong Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. (abbreviated SDLG), founded in 1972, is a subsidiary corporation of Volvo Construction Equipment, headquartered...
Shandong IFC (Chinese: 山东国际金融中心) is a supertall skyscraper under construction in The Jinan Central Business District, Jinan, Shandong, China. The tower...
Shandong Television (SDTV; Chinese: 山东广播电视台; pinyin: Shāndōng Guǎngbō Diànshìtaí) is a television network covering the Jinan city and Shandong province...
Qingdao is a city in eastern Shandong Province of China. Located on China's Yellow Sea coast, it is a major nodal city of the Belt and Road Initiative...
The Shandong Weiqiao Pioneering Group (Chinese: 山东魏桥创业, shawn-tung way-CH'YOW) is a Chinese private company active in the textiles industry; it is also...
The Shandong University of Technology (SDUT; Chinese: 山东理工大学) is a university located in Zibo, Shandong, China. The university was founded in 1956 and...
The politics of Shandong Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions...
provincial public university in Ji'nan, Shandong, China. It is affiliated with the Province of Shandong. In 1948, the Shandong Institute of Building Materials...
Shandong Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd. is a Chinese state-owned multinational heavy machinery and automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Jinan...
Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings Limited, or known as Chenming Paper or Chenming Group, is engaged in the manufacture and sales of paper pulp, papermaking...
Nickname changes are rare, but occasionally happen, such as when the Shandong team switched from Flaming Bulls (1995) to Lions (2003) to Gold Lions (2004)...
Shandong Sports Lottery may refer to: Shandong Sports Lottery, a government-sponsored sports lottery in Shandong, China Shandong women's volleyball team...
Shandong Jianzhu University (simplified Chinese: 山东建筑大学; traditional Chinese: 山東建築大學), also translated as Shandong University of Architecture and Engineering...
Global Information
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