There are several separatist movements in Iran, most of which are associated with a particular minority ethnic group. Iran is a highly diverse country: in 2015, it was estimated that Persians―Iran's dominant ethnic group―only made up about 61% of the Iranian population.[1]
Some researchers believe that Iran's ethnic divisions present a viable threat to the country. They argue that the economically disenfranchisement of ethnic minorities, combined with policies to limit political, social, and cultural rights, promote further unrest.[2][3] A 2005 report by Amnesty International found that Iranian government supported policies that economically disenfranchised ethnic minorities and limit their political, social, and cultural rights.[3] Brenda Shaffer contends that ethnic divisions are a driving force behind the Mahsa Amini protests.[4]
Other researchers argue that the ethnic divide in Iran is overstated, pointing to a study which found that many people in Iran identify with more than one ethnic group.[5][6]
^"Iran". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^Bradley, John R. (2007). "Iran's Ethnic Tinderbox" (PDF). The Washington Quarterly. 30 (1). The Center for Strategic and International Studies and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 181–190. Archived from the original on 26 Sep 2007.
^ ab"Iran New government fails to address dire human rights situation". Amnesty International. February 16, 2006. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007.
^Shaffer, Brenda (October 19, 2022). "How Iran's Ethnic Divisions Are Fueling the Revolt". Foreign Policy.
^Zimmit, Raz (August 2, 2021). "The 'Balkanization' of Iran is a fantasy. Here's why". Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on February 1, 2023.
^Rasmus, Elling; Harris, Kevan (10 Mar 2021). "Difference in difference: language, geography, and ethno-racial identity in contemporary Iran". Ethnic and Racial Studies. doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1895275.
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