Secondary causation[1][2][3] is the philosophical proposition that all material and corporeal objects, having been created by God with their own intrinsic potentialities, are subsequently empowered to evolve independently in accordance with natural law.[citation needed] Traditional Christians would slightly modify this injunction to allow for the occasional miracle as well as the exercise of free will. Deists who deny any divine interference after creation would only accept free will exceptions. That the physical universe is consequentially well-ordered, consistent, and knowable, subject to human observation and reason, was a primary theme of Scholasticism and further molded into the philosophy of the western tradition by Augustine of Hippo and later by Thomas Aquinas.
Secondary causation has been suggested as a necessary precursor for scientific inquiry into an established order of natural laws which are not entirely predicated on the changeable whims of a supernatural being.[4] Nor does this create a conflict between science and religion for, given a creator deity, it is not inconsistent with the paradigm of a clockwork universe. It does not remove logical contradictions concerning the unfettered expression of man's free will which would otherwise require not just God's acquiescence but rather his direct intervention to implement.[citation needed]
^“Kant’s Theory of Divine and Secondary Causation”, Des Hogan, University of California at San Diego; online at http://philosophy.ucsd.edu/_files/facultysites/watkins-conference/hogan.pdf;
^“Causation as a Secondary Quality”, Peter Menzies and Huw Price, Br. J. Philos. Sci., 44 (1993), 187-203.
^Huff, Toby E. The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China and the West, Cambridge University Press, (2003).
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Secondarycausation is the philosophical proposition that all material and corporeal objects, having been created by God with their own intrinsic potentialities...
is no SecondaryCausation in the created order. The world is sustained and governed through direct intervention of a divine primary causation. As such...
it cannot ‘’not’’ exist – and that humans identify this as God. Secondarycausation refers to God creating the laws of the Universe which then can change...
is a secondary phenomenon that occurs alongside or in parallel to a primary phenomenon. The word has two senses: one that connotes known causation and...
Mental Causation. Oxford University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-19-960853-9. Timothy D. Miller (2007). Continuous Creation, Persistence, and Secondary Causation:...
(1955). "Causation and Recipes". Mind. 64 (256): 479–487. doi:10.1093/mind/lxiv.256.479. Menzies, P.; Price, H. (1993). "Causation as a Secondary Quality"...
the equally important distinction between primary and secondary causality (secondarycausation). Finally, from Newman he appropriated the idea of "opposite...
wounds or injury during loyal war service to the Crown's authority. A secondarycausation for its introduction was that a practice had developed in the early...
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getting "bogged down in sometimes strikingly unnecessary webs of minor causation". Thus (for example) the character eventually known as Pippin Took was...
effect cannot be justified by reason; instead, our faith in induction and causation is caused by mental habit and custom. Hume defends a sentimentalist account...
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