For the clinical disorder, see Narcissistic personality disorder.
For other uses, see Narcissism (disambiguation).
Narcissus (1597–99) by Caravaggio; the man in love with his own reflection
Narcissism is a self–centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense of others.[1][2]
Narcissism exists on a continuum that ranges from normal to abnormal personality expression.[3] While many psychologists believe that a moderate degree of narcissism is normal and healthy in humans, there are also more extreme forms, observable particularly in people who are excessively self-absorbed, or who have a mental illness like narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), where the narcissistic tendency has become pathological,[3][4] leading to functional impairment and psychosocial disability.[5]
^"Oxford Learner's Dictionary". oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
^"APA Dictionary of Psychology". dictionary.apa.org. American Psychological Association. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
^ abKrizan Z, Herlache AD (February 2018). "The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality". Personality and Social Psychology Review. 22 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/1088868316685018. PMID 28132598. S2CID 206682971.
^Nazario B (4 September 2022). Casarella J (ed.). "Narcissistic Personality Disorder". webmd.com. Web MD. Archived from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
^Caligor E, Levy KN, Yeomans FE (May 2015). "Narcissistic personality disorder: diagnostic and clinical challenges". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (5): 415–422. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14060723. PMID 25930131.
Narcissism is a self–centered personality style characterized as having an excessive preoccupation with oneself and one's own needs, often at the expense...
feelings of shame. Communal narcissism: A fourth type is the communal narcissist. Communal narcissism is a form of narcissism that occurs in group settings...
Malignant narcissism is a psychological syndrome comprising an extreme mix of narcissism, antisocial behavior, aggression, and sadism. Grandiose, and always...
On Narcissism (German: Zur Einführung des Narzißmus) is a 1914 essay by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis. In the paper, Freud sums up his earlier...
term "narcissism" is derived from the Greek mythology of Narcissus, but was only coined at the close of the nineteenth century. Since then, narcissism has...
The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations (1979), by Christopher Lasch, is a psychological and cultural, artistic...
Narcissism in the workplace involves the impact of narcissistic employees and managers in workplace settings. Narcissists typically perform well at job...
Healthy narcissism is a positive sense of self that is in alignment with the greater good. The concept of healthy narcissism was first coined by Paul Federn...
but non-pathological personality types: Machiavellianism, sub-clinical narcissism, and sub-clinical psychopathy. Each of these personality types is called...
In social psychology, collective narcissism (or group narcissism) is the tendency to exaggerate the positive image and importance of a group to which...
and professor of psychology. He is the author of Malignant Self Love: Narcissism Revisited (1999), was the last editor-in-chief of the now-defunct political...
In psychoanalysis, the narcissism of small differences (German: der Narzissmus der kleinen Differenzen) is the idea that the more a relationship or community...
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reoccurring episodes of psychosis that are correlated with a general misperception of reality. Other...
The Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale (HSNS) is a self-report measure of covert narcissism. It was developed by Holly M. Hendin and Jonathan M. Cheek in...
interviews for NPD. The Grandiosity section of the Diagnostic Interview for Narcissism (DIN), for instance, describes: The person exaggerates talents, capacity...
A narcissistic parent is a parent affected by narcissism or narcissistic personality disorder. Typically, narcissistic parents are exclusively and possessively...
books include “Don’t You Know Who I Am”: How to Stay Sane in the Era of Narcissism, Entitlement and Incivility, Should I Stay or Should I Go: Surviving a...
Conversational narcissism is a term used by sociologist Charles Derber in his book, The Pursuit of Attention: Power and Ego in Everyday Life. Derber observed...
In psychology, codependency is a theory that attempts to explain imbalanced relationships where one person enables another person's self-destructive behavior...
"Spiritual materialism" and "Spiritual Narcissism", though others draw a distinction, that spiritual narcissism is believing that one deserves love and...
dimensions of narcissism". Personality and Individual Differences. 134: 308–313. doi:10.1016/J.PAID.2018.06.039. S2CID 150069861. "Narcissism and Social...
life in the apparent hope of receiving help or advice. Conversational narcissism is a term used by sociologist Charles Derber in his book, The Pursuit...
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