Global InformationSecond Sudanese Civil War information
| Second Sudanese Civil War | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Sudanese civil wars | |||||||
 Guerrilla forces of the Sudan People's Liberation Army celebrate around a disabled tank. | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
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Combat aid:  Libya (1986–1991)[12][13] DR Congo (1998–2003)Non-combat aid:  Iran[14] Belarus (from 1996)[15][16] |
 SSLMNDA Sudanese Alliance Forces[18]  Anyanya II Eastern Coalition Derg (until 1987)[19] PDR Ethiopia (1987–1991)[19] FDR Ethiopia (1995–1998)[8] Eritrea (1996–1998, 2002–2005)[20] Uganda (from 1993)[21][22]Non-combat aid: Libya (1983–1985)[23] Israel[24] Cuba (until 1991)[25] | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 Gaafar Nimeiry Suwar al-Dahab Sadiq al-Mahdi Omar al-Bashir Paulino Matip Nhial Tharcisse Renzaho[1] Riek Machar Lam Akol Kerubino Kuanyin Peter Par Jiek Juma Oris Joseph Kony Mobutu Sese Seko Osama bin Laden [citation needed] |
John Garang Salva Kiir Mayardit Dominic Dim Deng Riek Machar Lam Akol Kerubino Kuanyin James Hoth Mai Peter Par Jiek Peter Gadet Malik Agar Mengistu Haile Mariam Meles Zenawi Isaias Afwerki Yoweri Museveni | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
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| Tens of thousands | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 1–2.5 million dead (mostly civilians, due to starvation and drought) | |||||||
The Second Sudanese Civil War was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central Sudanese government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army. It was largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and the Blue Nile. It lasted for almost 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The war resulted in the independence of South Sudan 6 years after the war ended.
Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine and disease caused by the conflict. Four million people in southern Sudan were displaced at least once, normally repeatedly during the war. The civilian death toll is one of the highest of any war since World War II[27] and was marked by numerous human rights violations, including slavery and mass killings.
- ^ a b c Prunier (2004), p. 377.
- ^ a b Martell (2018), p. 137.
- ^ Prunier (2009), p. 82.
- ^ a b Leopold (2001), pp. 99–100.
- ^ Prunier (2004), pp. 376–377.
- ^ Prunier (2009), pp. 74, 82.
- ^ Connell (1998), p. 55.
- ^ a b de Waal (2007), p. 12.
- ^ Bassil (2013), pp. 168–169.
- ^ Martell (2018), p. 147.
- ^ a b Khalid (2010), p. 348.
- ^ Dixon, Jeffrey S., and Meredith Reid Sarkees. A Guide to Intra-state Wars an Examination of Civil, Regional, and Intercommunal Wars, 1816–2014, p. 392. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Reference, 2016.
- ^ Bassil (2013), p. 169.
- ^ Revolutionary Sudan: Hasan Al-Turabi and the Islamist State, 1989–2000 at Google Books
- ^ "Торговля оружием и будущее Белоруссии — Владимир Сегенюк — NewsLand". newsland.com.
- ^ "Завоюет ли Беларусь позиции на глобальных рынках оружия? — Vechek — NewsLand". newsland.com.
- ^ LeRiche & Arnold (2013), p. 101.
- ^ Plaut (2016), p. 77.
- ^ a b Vuylsteke (2018), p. 6.
- ^ Plaut (2016), pp. 77–78.
- ^ Prunier (2009), p. 75.
- ^ "Military Support for Sudanese Opposition Forces." Sudan. Retrieved 6 January 2016.
- ^ Collins, Robert O. Africa's Thirty Years War: Libya, Chad, and the Sudan, 1963–1993, p. 194.: Westview Press, 1999.
- ^ DeRouen & Heo (2007), p. 742.
- ^ https://www.occasionalwitness.com/Articles/20010426.htm
- ^ Kadhim, Abbas K. Governance in the Middle East and North Africa: A Handbook. London: Routledge, 2013, p. 422
- ^ Sudan: Nearly 2 million dead as a result of the world's longest running civil war, U.S. Committee for Refugees, 2001. Archived 10 December 2004 on the Internet Archive. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
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