1943 state during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines
Republic of the Philippines
Repúbliká ng Pilipinas(Tagalog)
República de Filipinas(Spanish)
フィリピン共和国(Japanese)
Firipin-kyōwakoku
1943–1945
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: "Kapayapaan, Kalayaan, Katarungan"
"Peace, Freedom, Justice"
Anthem:Diwà ng Bayan (English: "Spirit of the Nation")
Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas (English: "Hymn to the Creation of the New Philippines")
Great Seal:
Dakilang Sagisag ng Pilipinas(Tagalog) Great Seal of the Philippines
The Philippines (dark red) within the Empire of Japan (light red) at its furthest extent
Status
Puppet state of the Empire of Japan
Capital
Manila (1942–1945) Baguio (1945)
Common languages
Tagalog
Spanish
English
Japanese
Other regional languages
Religion
Secular state (de facto) State Shinto Christianity Islam Buddhism Hinduism Baháʼí Faith Philippine Folk Religions (de jure)
Government
Unitary one-party presidential republic under a totalitarian military dictatorship
President
• 1943–1945
José P. Laurel
Military Governor
• 1943–1944
Shigenori Kuroda
• 1944–1945
Tomoyuki Yamashita
Speaker of the National Assembly
• 1943–1944
Benigno S. Aquino
Legislature
National Assembly
Historical era
World War II
• Established
October 14, 1943
• Proclaimed dissolved
August 17, 1945
Currency
Japanese government-issued Philippine peso (₱)
Time zone
UTC+08:00 (PST)
Date format
mm/dd/yyyy
dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side
left[1]
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Philippine Executive Commission
Commonwealth of the Philippines
Today part of
Philippines
The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Tagalog: Repúbliká ng Pilipinas; Spanish: República de Filipinas; Japanese: フィリピン共和国, Firipin-kyōwakoku) and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a Japanese-backed government established on October 14, 1943 during the Japanese occupation of the islands[2]
^Section 60 of the Revised Motor Vehicle Law, Act No. 3992 "Drive on Left Side of Road. — Unless a different cause of action is required in the interest of the safety and security of life, person, or property, or because of unreasonable difficulty of operation in compliance herewith, every person operating a motor vehicle or guiding an animal drawn vehicle on a highway shall pass to the left when meeting persons or vehicles coming toward him, and to the right when overtaking persons or vehicles going the same direction, and, when turning to the right in going from one highway into another, every vehicle shall be conducted to the left of the center of the intersection of the highways."
^Vellut, J. L. (March 1964). "Foreign Relations of the Second Republic of the Philippines, 1943–1945". Journal of Southeast Asian History. 5 (1): 128. doi:10.1017/S0217781100002246. JSTOR 20067478.
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