Scoria bricks[a] are a type of blue-grey brick made from slag, originally manufactured from the waste of the steelworks of Teesside, common across the North-East of England.[3][4] The bricks were also exported around the world and can be found in Canada, West Indies, Netherlands, United States, India and South America.[5]
The word Scoria originally comes from Greek, meaning "Excrement", but came to be used by the romans for a kind of volcanic rock.[5] The bricks were invented by Darlington industrialist Joseph Woodward, in the 1870s, with him registering a patent in 1873 and forming the "Tees Scoriae Company" the same year.[6][1] At it's peak the company was taking 30% of the slag from the South-Tees works.[3]
The bricks were produced by poring the slag caldrons, comeing on trains from the steel works, into moulds made with a hinged bottoms and mounted on a revolving platform allowing the moulds to be filled separately. As the bricks solidified they were removed and placed in a beehive oven, where the residual heat annealed the whole of the brick.[7][2] The bricks were found to be extremely durable against water, frost, chemicals and heavy loads, which lead to them being used as a road surface.[4] On the other hand, an early trial of the bricks in Liverpool found the bricks to wear unevenly and became slippery in wet conditions.[8]
^ ab"Patent Scoriæ Bricks". Northern Echo. 1 November 1873. p. 1. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
^ ab"Scoriæ Bricks". Waterville Telegraph. 9 October 1874. p. 1. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
^ abWalsh, David (6 March 2022). "Scoria bricks: history at our feet". North East Bylines. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
^ abLloyd, Chris (20 March 2022). "The almost unbreakable slag bricks which lined the streets of the Tees Valley". Darlington and Stockton Times. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
^ abLloyd, Chris (14 July 2008). "There's mortar bricks than meets the eye". The Northern Echo. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
^Lewis, Stephen (20 April 2024). "York's back alleys in the spotlight: who designed those distinctive bricks?". York Press. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
^"English Slag Paving Blocks". The Peabody Gazette-Herald. 24 November 1910. p. 7. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
^Boulnois, Henry Percy (1898). The Municipal and Sanitary Engineer's Handbook. E. & F.N. Spon. p. 59. Retrieved 31 May 2024.
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Scoriabricks are a type of blue-grey brick made from slag, originally manufactured from the waste of the steelworks of Teesside, common across the North-East...
problem for works' owners. One solution was invented in the 1870s, was the Scoriabrick which became a major export of the region and can still widely be seen...
on the standing sluices of the ancient Marib Dam. Volcanic ash, pumice, scoria (Arabic: شاش), in the Yemeni dialect, or other crushed volcanic aggregate...
breakwaters. Igneous stone ranges from very soft rocks such as pumice and scoria to somewhat harder rocks such as tuff to the hardest rocks such as granite...
thermal and acoustic insulation. Pyroclastic materials, such as pumice, scoria, and ashes are formed from cooling magma during explosive volcanic eruptions...
and inorganic substances. Notably, the use of lapillus, a porous volcanic scoria, is employed due to its high water retention capacity, excellent cation...
2004.05.003. Newbold, T.J. (1836). "Note on the occurrence of volcanic scoria in the southern Peninsula". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 5:...
or brick, and clay, shale, and slate used or sold for use as sintered or burned lightweight aggregates. 6 5% (A) gravel, peat, pumice, sand, scoria, shale...
1 m) square and provided with wooden seating. The floors were covered with scoria. The tunnel complex, unlike many other air raid shelter complexes, does...
comes from rain falling on Mt Eden and having been filtered through the scoria rocks wells up here to feed the swimming baths. Mount Eden Normal Primary...
the quality of the Roman concrete used in the Basilica Ulpia, volcanic scoria from the Bay of Naples and Mount Vesuvius were imported which, though heavier...
graves of many of Onehunga's early settlers. Scoria Blockhouse – 19 Princes Street. A 19th century scoria building used during the Land wars of the 1860s...
Minquiers S of Jersey when en route from Dunkirk for Granville with a cargo of Scoria. 1909 Mjølner ( Norway) Burhou The cargo ship was on a voyage from N. Shields...
space, with the steaming lake and cinder hills behind. At night, when live scoria and ashes glow from the sides of the latter, and the lake is lighted up...
amounts of waste. The copper slag was cast into large heavy dark bricks or "Scoria Blocks" which were to prove a very useful building material which...
soldiers in, was for a loopholed defensible wall. The bastioned loopholed scoria stone wall was built several years later, in 1848. In due course Bennett...
shape of materials. I had to make shingles and bricks—fell and saw timber—burn shells for lime—collect scoria for building—and none but soldiers to work with...
and processing. This JSC has started to produce crushed stone from the scoria of high and low-carbon ferrochrome (more than 150.0 tons per year) and ferrodust...
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