Scoliosis (pl.: scolioses) is a condition in which a person's spine has an abnormal curve.[2] The curve is usually S- or C-shaped over three dimensions.[2][7] In some, the degree of curve is stable, while in others, it increases over time.[3] Mild scoliosis does not typically cause problems, but more severe cases can affect breathing and movement.[3][8] Pain is usually present in adults, and can worsen with age.[9] As the condition progresses, it may alter a person's life, and hence can also be considered a disability.[10]
The cause of most cases is unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[3] Risk factors include other affected family members.[2] It can also occur due to another condition such as muscle spasms, cerebral palsy, Marfan syndrome, and tumors such as neurofibromatosis.[2] Diagnosis is confirmed with X-rays.[2] Scoliosis is typically classified as either structural in which the curve is fixed, or functional in which the underlying spine is normal.[2] Left-right asymmetries, of the vertebrae and their musculature, especially in the thoracic region,[11] may cause mechanical instability of the spinal column.
Treatment depends on the degree of curve, location, and cause.[2] The age of the patient is also important, since some treatments are ineffective in adults, who are no longer growing. Minor curves may simply be watched periodically.[2] Treatments may include bracing, specific exercises, posture checking, and surgery.[2][4] The brace must be fitted to the person and used daily until growing stops.[2] Specific exercises, such as exercises that focus on the core, may be used to try to decrease the risk of worsening.[4] They may be done alone or along with other treatments such as bracing.[12][13] Evidence that chiropractic manipulation, dietary supplements, or exercises can prevent the condition from worsening is weak.[2][14] However, exercise is still recommended due to its other health benefits.[2]
Scoliosis occurs in about 3% of people.[5] It most commonly develops between the ages of ten and twenty.[2] Females typically are more severely affected than males with a ratio of 4:1.[2][3] The term is from Ancient Greek σκολίωσις (skolíōsis), which means "a bending".[15]
^"Scoliosis". Merriam Webster. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrs"Questions and Answers about Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents". NIAMS. December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
^ abcde"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis". Genetics Home Reference. September 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
^ abcNegrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, et al. (2018). "2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth". Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders. 13: 3. doi:10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8. PMC 5795289. PMID 29435499.
^ abShakil H, Iqbal ZA, Al-Ghadir AH (2014). "Scoliosis: review of types of curves, etiological theories and conservative treatment". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 27 (2): 111–115. doi:10.3233/bmr-130438. PMID 24284269.
^"Scoliosis - Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment". aans.org. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
^Illés TS, Lavaste F, Dubousset JF (April 2019). "The third dimension of scoliosis: The forgotten axial plane". Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research. 105 (2): 351–359. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2018.10.021. hdl:10985/18316. PMID 30665877.
^Yang S, Andras LM, Redding GJ, Skaggs DL (January 2016). "Early-Onset Scoliosis: A Review of History, Current Treatment, and Future Directions". Pediatrics. 137 (1): e20150709. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-0709. PMID 26644484. S2CID 557560.
^Agabegi SS, Kazemi N, Sturm PF, Mehlman CT (December 2015). "Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Skeletally Mature Patients: A Critical Review". The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 23 (12): 714–723. doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-14-00037. PMID 26510624. S2CID 6735774.
^"Disability for Scoliosis | Bross & Frankel". brossfrankel.com. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
^Kouwenhoven, Jan-Willem; Vincken, Koen L.; Bartels, Lambertus W.; Castelein, Rene M. (2006). "Analysis of preexistent vertebral rotation in the normal spine". Spine. 31 (13): 1467–1472. doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000219938.14686.b3. PMID 16741456. S2CID 2401041.
^Berdishevsky H, Lebel VA, Bettany-Saltikov J, Rigo M, Lebel A, Hennes A, et al. (2016). "Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises - a comprehensive review of seven major schools". Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders. 11: 20. doi:10.1186/s13013-016-0076-9. PMC 4973373. PMID 27525315.
^Park JH, Jeon HS, Park HW (June 2018). "Effects of the Schroth exercise on idiopathic scoliosis: a meta-analysis". European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. 54 (3): 440–449. doi:10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04461-6. PMID 28976171. S2CID 39497372.
^Thompson JY, Williamson EM, Williams MA, Heine PJ, Lamb SE (June 2019). "Effectiveness of scoliosis-specific exercises for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis compared with other non-surgical interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Physiotherapy. 105 (2): 214–234. doi:10.1016/j.physio.2018.10.004. PMID 30824243. S2CID 73471547.
^"scoliosis". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 12 August 2016. "Scoliosis Definition & Meaning". Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016..
idiopathic scoliosis necessarily progressed into severe (cardiopulmonary) disability by old age have been refuted. An estimated 65% of scoliosis cases are...
The management of scoliosis is complex and is determined primarily by the type of scoliosis encountered: syndromic, congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic...
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a rather common disorder in which the spine starts abnormally curving sideways (scoliosis) at the age of 10–18 years...
idiopathic scoliosis, as they may stop the progression of spinal curvature in a growing child/adolescent. As of 2016, the Scientific Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic...
2020. Retrieved 13 May 2020. "The Scoliosis Association UK is delighted to announce a new Royal Patron". Scoliosis Association UK. 15 October 2020. Archived...
(August 2008). "Rate of complications in scoliosis surgery – a systematic review of the Pub Med literature". Scoliosis. 3: 9. doi:10.1186/1748-7161-3-9. PMC 2525632...
[citation needed] Scoliosis refers to a form of abnormal spinal curvature in which the person's spine takes an S or C shape. Scoliosis has forms of treatments...
muscle structures. It may occur unilaterally due to conditions such as scoliosis, or bilaterally due to conditions such as osteoporosis and hyperkyphosis...
of the ocular muscles. Although the cause of scoliosis can sometimes remain unknown (idiopathic scoliosis) there is treatment available that targets at...
to standing Cobb angle change in idiopathic scoliosis: the effect of endplate pre-selection". Scoliosis. 9 (1): 16. doi:10.1186/1748-7161-9-16. ISSN 1748-7161...
affect both the bony vertebrae and the intervertebral discs, with kyphosis/scoliosis, ankylosing spondylitis, degenerative discs and spina bifida being recognizable...
founded the Connecticut Scoliosis Association and wrote about her experiences with the disease in the book titled Scoliosis: Ascending the Curve. The...
rheumatoid arthritis, spinal tumors, trauma, Paget's disease of the bone, scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, and the genetic condition achondroplasia. It can be...
RSP could be a symptom of some medical conditions, such as kyphosis, scoliosis or ankylosing spondylitis. Kyphosis is a spinal disorder that contributes...
uneven, or if the spine curves, it is due to scoliosis and should be seen by a doctor. When assessing scoliosis, it is important for the physician to assess...
coronal-plane curvature of the spine, or scoliosis. Up to one million people had Harrington rods implanted for scoliosis between the early 1960s and the late...
impairment, HGPPS is coupled with progressive scoliosis, although eye symptoms usually appear before scoliosis. HGPPS is caused by a mutation in the ROBO3...
calculation/diagnosis confirmation of the condition (scoliosis). Adams Forward Bend Test "National Scoliosis Foundation". Archived from the original on 2014-11-21...
diagnose scoliosis; however, it is not a primary source for a diagnosis. This test is often used at schools and doctors' offices to check for scoliosis. The...
arachnodactyly, and hyperlaxity. Arachnodactyly (long fingers), long limbs, scoliosis (curved spine), a hidden feature of bony lip growth towards vestibular...
developing the Schroth Method to treat scoliosis. Kathrina Schroth was born in Dresden, Germany with scoliosis, and at age 16 began use of a thoracic...
segment/lower segment ratio AND increased arm/height AND no severe scoliosis = 1 Scoliosis or thoracolumbar kyphosis = 1 Reduced elbow extension = 1 Facial...
2010.[permanent dead link] Scoliosis Research Society website - www.srs.org Crawford AH: Strategic Directions: The Scoliosis Research Society Initiatives...
flat patches of skin), neurofibromas (small bumps in or under the skin), scoliosis (side-way curvature of the back), and headaches. Neurofibromatosis type...
approach. Published by BioMed Central, Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders is the official journal of the Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment...
(featuring Lil Uzi Vert) Williams Symere Woods Glass Wheezy 2:22 9. "Scoliosis" (featuring Gunna and Lil Duke) Williams Kitchens Martinez Gilmore Keyyz...
brace most often used in the treatment of spinal curvatures (such as scoliosis or kyphosis) in children but also, more rarely, in adults to prevent collapse...
idiopathic scoliosis is about the changes in the bones, muscles and joints in cases of spinal deformity consisting of a lateral curvature scoliosis and a rotation...
released "Self Dysmorphia", which was inspired by her struggles with scoliosis. On putting out the single, Grace said: "it's a little bit weird to put...
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