Since its inception in 1954, the Church of Scientology has been involved in a number of controversies, including its stance on psychiatry, Scientology's legitimacy as a religion, the Church's aggressive attitude in dealing with its perceived enemies and critics,[1][2] allegations of mistreatment of members, and predatory financial practices;[3] for example, the high cost of religious training[4]:191 and perceived exploitative practices.[5] When mainstream media outlets have reported alleged abuses, representatives of the church have tended to deny such allegations.[6]
^Branch, Craig (1998), "Church of Scientology: A Religious Mafia?", The Watchmen Expositor, vol. 15, no. 1, Watchman Fellowship ministry
^Lewis, James R. (2017). Handbook of Scientology. BRILL. p. 322. ISBN 9789004330542. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
^Chryssides, George D. (2001). Exploring New Religions. A&C Black. p. 289. ISBN 9780826459596. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
^Cite error: The named reference Lewis09 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Misiroglu, Gina (2015). American Countercultures: An Encyclopedia of Nonconformists, Alternative Lifestyles, and Radical Ideas in U.S. History. Routledge. p. 646. ISBN 9781317477297. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
^Sappell, Joel (June 29, 1990). "On the Offensive Against an Array of Suspected Foes". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
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