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Science in classical antiquity information


The Ptolemaic system of celestial motion as depicted in the Harmonia Macrocosmica (1661).

Science in classical antiquity encompasses inquiries into the workings of the world or universe aimed at both practical goals (e.g., establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses) as well as more abstract investigations belonging to natural philosophy. Classical antiquity is traditionally defined as the period between the 8th century BC (beginning of Archaic Greece) and the 6th century AD (after which there was medieval science). It is typically limited geographically to the Greco-Roman West, Mediterranean basin, and Ancient Near East, thus excluding traditions of science in the ancient world in regions such as China and the Indian subcontinent.

Ideas regarding nature that were theorized during classical antiquity were not limited to science but included myths as well as religion. Those who are now considered as the first scientists may have thought of themselves as natural philosophers, as practitioners of a skilled profession (e.g., physicians), or as followers of a religious tradition (e.g., temple healers). Some of the more widely known figures active in this period include Hippocrates, Aristotle, Euclid, Archimedes, Hipparchus, Galen, and Ptolemy. Their contributions and commentaries spread throughout the Eastern, Islamic, and Latin worlds and contributed to the birth of modern science. Their works covered many different categories including mathematics, cosmology, medicine, and physics.

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Science in classical antiquity

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Science in classical antiquity encompasses inquiries into the workings of the world or universe aimed at both practical goals (e.g., establishing a reliable...

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Classical antiquity

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Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history...

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Outline of classical studies

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Numismatics Classical history Bronze Age Classical Antiquity Classical society Ancient Greek society Roman society Classical religion Religion in ancient...

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Ancient Greece

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from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity (c. 600 AD), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and...

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Nutrition in classical antiquity

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Classical antiquity is the period of cultural history spanning from the 8th century BC to the beginning of the Middle Ages (which began around 500 AD)...

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Scientist

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in an area of the natural sciences. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the...

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Science in the ancient world

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developed in the Ancient Near East, with Ancient Egypt and Babylonia in Mesopotamia. Later traditions of science during classical antiquity were advanced in ancient...

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Astrology and the classical elements

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Astrology has used the concept of classical elements from antiquity up until the present. In Western astrology and Sidereal astrology four elements are...

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Culture of Europe

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science in classical antiquity See: post-classical science See: History of science in the Renaissance See: Scientific Revolution, Science in the Age of Enlightenment...

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Greek mathematics

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Welt). Zhmud, Leonid (2008-08-22). The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. Peripatoi. De Gruyter. pp. 23–44. doi:10.1515/9783110194326...

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Outline of science

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the development of science in the Middle Ages. History of science in Classical Antiquity – history of science in classical antiquity encompasses both those...

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Outline of history

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History of science in early cultures History of science in Classical Antiquity History of science in the Middle Ages History of science in the Renaissance...

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Classical Greece

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influence on the later Roman Empire. Part of the broader era of classical antiquity, the classical Greek era ended after Philip II's unification of most of the...

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Classics

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Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and...

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Archytas

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5771/0943-7444-7-8-499. Zhmud, L. (2008). The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-3-11-019432-6 – via...

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Platonic Academy

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2–21. Zhmud, Leonid. 2006. "Science in the Platonic Academy". In The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. pp. 82–116. Berlin: De Gruyter...

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Late antiquity

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Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century...

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History of science

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Protoscience, early sciences, and natural philosophies such as alchemy and astrology during the Bronze Age, Iron Age, classical antiquity, and the Middle...

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Outline of ancient history

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history Periods in the Ancient Western world Classical antiquity Timeline of classical antiquity Archaic period in classical antiquity (c. eighth to c...

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Science

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Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural...

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Classical planet

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and Ptolemy recorded these classical planets during classical antiquity, introducing the term planet, which means 'wanderer' in Greek (πλάνης planēs and...

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Classical mythology

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philosophy and political thought, is one of the major survivals of classical antiquity throughout later Western culture. The Greek word mythos refers to...

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Theon of Smyrna

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Greek Mathematics", p.91. L. Zhmud The origin of the history of science in classical antiquity, p.84. Theon of Smyrna: Mathematics useful for understanding...

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Doubling the cube

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Galois Theory. p. 75. L. Zhmud The origin of the history of science in classical antiquity, p.84, quoting Plutarch and Theon of Smyrna Plutarch, De E apud...

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Thales of Miletus

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uchicago.edu. Zhmud, Leonid (2006). The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity. Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Diogenes Laërtius 1.22 "SOL Search"...

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Ancient Roman technology

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Maritime hydraulics in antiquity Science in classical antiquity Lancaster, Lynn (2008). Engineering and Technology in the Classical World. New York: Oxford...

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Metals of antiquity

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are the metals from which the classical world was forged. Zinc, arsenic, and antimony were also known during antiquity, but they were not recognised as...

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