Science in classical antiquity encompasses inquiries into the workings of the world or universe aimed at both practical goals (e.g., establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses) as well as more abstract investigations belonging to natural philosophy. Classical antiquity is traditionally defined as the period between the 8th century BC (beginning of Archaic Greece) and the 6th century AD (after which there was medieval science). It is typically limited geographically to the Greco-Roman West, Mediterranean basin, and Ancient Near East, thus excluding traditions of science in the ancient world in regions such as China and the Indian subcontinent.
Ideas regarding nature that were theorized during classical antiquity were not limited to science but included myths as well as religion. Those who are now considered as the first scientists may have thought of themselves as natural philosophers, as practitioners of a skilled profession (e.g., physicians), or as followers of a religious tradition (e.g., temple healers). Some of the more widely known figures active in this period include Hippocrates, Aristotle, Euclid, Archimedes, Hipparchus, Galen, and Ptolemy. Their contributions and commentaries spread throughout the Eastern, Islamic, and Latin worlds and contributed to the birth of modern science. Their works covered many different categories including mathematics, cosmology, medicine, and physics.
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Scienceinclassicalantiquity encompasses inquiries into the workings of the world or universe aimed at both practical goals (e.g., establishing a reliable...
Classicalantiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history...
Numismatics Classical history Bronze Age ClassicalAntiquityClassical society Ancient Greek society Roman society Classical religion Religion in ancient...
from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classicalantiquity (c. 600 AD), that comprised a loose collection of culturally and...
Classicalantiquity is the period of cultural history spanning from the 8th century BC to the beginning of the Middle Ages (which began around 500 AD)...
in an area of the natural sciences. Inclassicalantiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the...
developed in the Ancient Near East, with Ancient Egypt and Babylonia in Mesopotamia. Later traditions of science during classicalantiquity were advanced in ancient...
Astrology has used the concept of classical elements from antiquity up until the present. In Western astrology and Sidereal astrology four elements are...
science in classical antiquity See: post-classicalscience See: History of sciencein the Renaissance See: Scientific Revolution, Sciencein the Age of Enlightenment...
Welt). Zhmud, Leonid (2008-08-22). The Origin of the History of ScienceinClassicalAntiquity. Peripatoi. De Gruyter. pp. 23–44. doi:10.1515/9783110194326...
the development of sciencein the Middle Ages. History of scienceinClassicalAntiquity – history of scienceinclassicalantiquity encompasses both those...
History of sciencein early cultures History of scienceinClassicalAntiquity History of sciencein the Middle Ages History of sciencein the Renaissance...
influence on the later Roman Empire. Part of the broader era of classicalantiquity, the classical Greek era ended after Philip II's unification of most of the...
Classics or classical studies is the study of classicalantiquity. In the Western world, classics traditionally refers to the study of Classical Greek and...
5771/0943-7444-7-8-499. Zhmud, L. (2008). The Origin of the History of ScienceinClassicalAntiquity. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 62–63. ISBN 978-3-11-019432-6 – via...
2–21. Zhmud, Leonid. 2006. "Sciencein the Platonic Academy". In The Origin of the History of ScienceinClassicalAntiquity. pp. 82–116. Berlin: De Gruyter...
Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classicalantiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century...
Protoscience, early sciences, and natural philosophies such as alchemy and astrology during the Bronze Age, Iron Age, classicalantiquity, and the Middle...
Greek natural philosophy of classicalantiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural...
and Ptolemy recorded these classical planets during classicalantiquity, introducing the term planet, which means 'wanderer' in Greek (πλάνης planēs and...
philosophy and political thought, is one of the major survivals of classicalantiquity throughout later Western culture. The Greek word mythos refers to...
Greek Mathematics", p.91. L. Zhmud The origin of the history of scienceinclassicalantiquity, p.84. Theon of Smyrna: Mathematics useful for understanding...
Galois Theory. p. 75. L. Zhmud The origin of the history of scienceinclassicalantiquity, p.84, quoting Plutarch and Theon of Smyrna Plutarch, De E apud...
uchicago.edu. Zhmud, Leonid (2006). The Origin of the History of ScienceinClassicalAntiquity. Die Deutsche Bibliothek. Diogenes Laërtius 1.22 "SOL Search"...
Maritime hydraulics inantiquityScienceinclassicalantiquity Lancaster, Lynn (2008). Engineering and Technology in the Classical World. New York: Oxford...
are the metals from which the classical world was forged. Zinc, arsenic, and antimony were also known during antiquity, but they were not recognised as...