The Sandford principle is a concept in the management of protected landscapes in the United Kingdom. It is called the Sandford principle after Lord Sandford who chaired the National Parks Policy
Review Committee which reviewed national parks of England and Wales in between 1971 and 1974.[1]
National Park Authorities can do much to reconcile public enjoyment with the preservation of natural beauty by good planning and management and the main emphasis must continue to be on this approach wherever possible. But even so, there will be situations where the two purposes are irreconcilable... Where this happens, priority must be given to the conservation of natural beauty.
— Lord Sandford, 1974[2]
The two purposes of national parks are, in short,
conservation of the natural environment and
access for the public.
(Considering the economic and social well-being of the community is also a duty which was subsequently introduced and applies to more recently created parks).
The purposes were amended by the Environment Act 1995. They are now, firstly, to conserve and enhance the natural beauty, wildlife and cultural heritage of the area and, secondly, to promote opportunities for the understanding and enjoyment of the special qualities of the area by the public.[3]
Most of the time it is possible to achieve both the original two purposes by good management. Occasionally a situation arises where access for the public is in direct conflict with conservation. Following the ethos of the Sandford principle, the Environment Act 1995 sets down how a priority may be established between conservation and recreational use. Similar provision has been made for Scottish national parks.
The Sandford principle is often misquoted as "conservation has priority over recreation"; however, importantly, it is better summarised as, "where those two purposes cannot be reconciled by skilful management, conservation should come first".
The Sandford principle was first used in UK national park management, and is still most commonly encountered in that context.[4] However, where this dilemma has occurred in the management of other sites where public pressure and wildlife conservation might be in conflict, the principle is sometimes cited.
^"Obituary: Commander the Rev Lord Sandford". The Telegraph. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
^Sandford, Lord (1974). Report of the National Parks Policy Review Committee. (Sandford Report). London: HMSO.
^Countryside recreation journal, 2002
^"The Sandford Principle". National Parks UK. National Parks UK. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
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