This article is about the Sanskrit term for "year" in Hindu calendar. For Jain festival, see Samvatsari.
Samvatsara (संवत्सर) is a Sanskrit term for a "year" in Vedic literature such as the Rigveda and other ancient texts.[1] In the medieval era literature, a samvatsara refers to the "Jovian year", that is a year based on the relative position of the planet Jupiter, while the solar year is called varsha.[2][3] A jovian year is not equal to a solar year based on the relative position of Earth and Sun.[3]
A samvatsara is defined in Indian calendars as the time Brihaspati (Jupiter) takes to transit from one sign of the Hindu zodiac (i.e. rashi) to the next relative to its mean motion.[3] The ancient text Surya Siddhanta calculates a samvatsara to be about 361 days, marginally short of a solar year.[3] Hence, one complete orbit of Jupiter through all the twelve signs of the zodiac will approximately equal twelve solar years. Five such orbits of Jupiter (i.e. 12 times 5 = 60 samvatsara) are referred to as a samvatsara chakra.[3] Each samvatsara within this cycle has been given a name. Once all 60 samvatsara are over, the cycle starts over again.
This cycle of 60 samvatsara is based on the relative positions of Jupiter and Saturn in the sky.[citation needed] The orbital periods of Jupiter and Saturn are approximately 12 and 30 solar years respectively. The least common multiple of these two orbital periods is ~60 solar years. Every sixty years, both planets will be positioned at nearly the same sidereal coordinates where they started off sixty years before, thus forming a sixty year cycle.
^Bettina Bäumer; Kapila Vatsyayan (1992). Kalātattvakośa: A Lexicon of Fundamental Concepts of the Indian Arts. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 215–216. ISBN 978-81-208-1044-0.
^Bettina Bäumer; Kapila Vatsyayan (1992). Kalātattvakośa: A Lexicon of Fundamental Concepts of the Arts. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 217–218. ISBN 978-81-208-1044-0.
^ abcdeRobert Sewell; Śaṅkara Bālakr̥shṇa Dīkshita (1896). The Indian Calendar. S. Sonnenschein & Company. pp. 5, 32–33.
Samvatsara (संवत्सर) is a Sanskrit term for a "year" in Vedic literature such as the Rigveda and other ancient texts. In the medieval era literature, a...
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elaborated in the following paragraphs but before that the composition of the Samvatsara OR Years (60 Years cycle), Varsha or Year and Masa or month are first...
according to the Asīrgarh seal. siddham [||] samvatsara-ṣa(śa)te=ṣṭsa=ṣaṣṭyuta (yutta)re mahāmāgha-samvatsara(re) Śrāvaṇa ... myāṃ paramadeva-Budhagupte...
Name Number of members Meaning Samvatsara-Variyam 12 Annual Committee (or Garden and Tank Committee, since its membership was restricted to the elders...
1923. According to the Hindu calendar, it corresponds to Rudhirodgari Samvatsara Kartika Sudha Ashtami day. He lost his father the next year. His primary...
Number Samvatsara Name English Year Place Temple/Math 1 Chitrabhānu 2002 Haridwar Sri Vyas Ashram, Shree Kashi Math, Haridwar 2 Subhānu 2003 Mumbai Walkeshwar...
Although it was purportedly named after the legendary king Vikramaditya Samvatsara (‘Samvat’ in short), ‘Samvat’ is a Sanskrit term for ‘year’. Emperor Vikramaditya...
exact numbers'. When the completion of yajna does not happen in a year (samvatsara) then everything is not stable. Then one has to seek the grace of Vishnu...
land during the reign of Ganapatideva in the cyclic year of “Jaya Nama Samvatsara, Vaisakha Sudha Trayodasi, Bruhaspati Vasaram” (corresponding to 1234-35...
B. Keith and A.A. Macdonell Vedic Index of Names and Subjects Vol.2 "Samvatsara", p.411-13 Generally: Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899)...
dark half of the month of Jyestha, Shalivahana era, 1791, Shukla nama Samvatsara or the year named Shukla. Echenberg, Myron J. (2007). Plague Ports: The...
in the inscription in the local luni-solar calendar system is "Tarana Samvatsara, Margashira, Su 1". The inscription omits the year's number designation...
Shaka 1580 (A.D. 1658-9) Vilambi Samvatsara and finished on Monday the bright fourth of Ashadha, Vikari Samvatsara". The temples enjoyed the revenue...
degrees) of the Zodiac (360 degrees) and constituting a full year, named Samvatsara. The Sun’s own house is Leo (Simha) and he moves from one house to the...
II (vi. 2. 4) When the completion of yajna does not happen in a year (samvatsara) then everything is not stable. Then one has to seek the grace of Vishnu...
full moon day of the Vaisakha month, of the Siddhartha calendar era (samvatsara). The date corresponds to 12 April 601 CE. Nerur copper plate inscription...
empire. Here is an excerpt from Atakur inscription : Hail! While the samvatsara named Saumya, the eight hundred and seventy second [in] the centuries...
1817 (Margashirsha Pournima - Datta Jayanti, Shaka 1739 Eashwara naama Samvatsara) in his grandmother's native Ladwanti near Basavakalyana (now in the Bidar...
unearthed in 2006 reads On Saturday, the seventh day of Kanya month in Vikari Samvatsara, the Ajila king, Swasthi Shri Mahamandalika Somanatha Perunana Salva Shri...
Mahabharata 12.59.117 (Shanti Parva) describes him as an astronomer-astrologer (sāṃvatsara, literally "one who has the knowledge of time"). Mahabharata 13.18.25–26...
temples the New Panchang or almanac is ceremoniously released and the Samvatsara Phala or the predictions for the whole year are read out. New clothes...
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