Elysia crispata, a shell-less species in the family Placobranchidae
Oxynoe viridis, a shelled sacoglossan in the family Oxynoidae
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
Subclass:
Heterobranchia
Infraclass:
Euthyneura
Superorder:
Sacoglossa H. von Ihering, 1876[2]
Diversity[3]
284 species
Synonyms
Ascoglossa Bergh, 1876
Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans or the "solar-powered sea slugs", are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia. Sacoglossans live by ingesting the cellular contents of algae, hence they are sometimes called "sap-sucking sea slugs".[4]
Some sacoglossans simply digest the fluid which they suck from the algae, but in some other species, the slugs sequester and use within their own tissues living chloroplasts from the algae they eat, a very unusual phenomenon known as kleptoplasty, for the "stolen" plastids.[5] This earns them the title of the "solar-powered sea slugs", and makes them unique among metazoan organisms, for otherwise kleptoplasty is known only among single-celled protists.[6]
The Sacoglossa are divided into two clades - the shelled families (Oxynoacea) and the shell-less families (Plakobranchacea).[7]
The four families of shelled species are Cylindrobullidae, Volvatellidae, Oxynoidae, and Juliidae, the bivalved gastropods. The shell-less Plakobranchacea are grouped in six families, divided between two clades ("superfamilies"), the Plakobranchoidea and the Limapontioidea. All sacoglossans are distinguished from related groups by the presence of a single row of teeth on the radula. The teeth are adapted for the suctorial feeding habits of the group.[8]
Kathe R. Jensen (2007)[3] recognized 284 valid species within the Sacoglossa.
^Cite error: The named reference Jensen1997 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Ihering H. v. (1876). "Versuch eines natürlichen Systemes der Mollusken". Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft3: 97-148. Sacoglossa is on the page 146.
^ abJensen K. R. (November 2007). "Biogeography of the Sacoglossa (Mollusca, Opisthobranchia)" Archived 2013-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. Bonner zoologische Beiträge55(2006)(3-4): 255–281.
^Anonymous. (Last changed: December 2008). "Sap-sucking slugs". Accessed 12 January 2010.
^de Vries, Jan; Christa, Gregor; Gould, Sven B. (2014). "Plastid survival in the cytosol of animal cells". Trends in Plant Science. 19 (6): 347–350. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2014.03.010. ISSN 1360-1385. PMID 24767983.
^Händeler, K.; Grzymbowski, Y. P.; Krug, P. J.; Wägele, H. (2009). "Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life". Frontiers in Zoology. 6: 28. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-28. PMC 2790442. PMID 19951407.
^Handeler, K.; Grzymbowski, Y. P.; Krug, P. J.; Wagele, H. (2009). "Functional chloroplasts in metazoan cells - a unique evolutionary strategy in animal life". Front Zool. 6 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-6-28. PMC 2790442. PMID 19951407.
^Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 377. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans or the "solar-powered sea slugs", are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks...
kleptoplasty evolved independently within the two taxa. Sea slugs in the clade Sacoglossa practise kleptoplasty. Several species of Sacoglossan sea slugs capture...
photosynthesis in Costasiella, with a focus on C. ocellifera (Gastropoda: Sacoglossa)". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 80 (5): 499–507. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyu026...
The name "sea slug" is also often applied to the sacoglossans (clade Sacoglossa), the so-called sap-sucking or solar-powered sea slugs which are frequently...
1993). "Morphological adaptations and plasticity of radular teeth of the Sacoglossa (= Ascoglossa) (Mollusca: Opisthobranchia) in relation to their food plants"...
Euopisthobranchia does not include some "traditional" opisthobranchs such as the Sacoglossa and the Acochlidiacea. The subclass Heterobranchia now contains all the...
nudibranchs. A number of these other sea slugs, such as the photosynthetic Sacoglossa and the colourful Aglajidae, are often confused with nudibranchs. Nudibranchs...
(2007). "Mating behaviour in the sea slug Elysia timida (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa): hypodermic injection, sperm transfer and balanced reciprocity". Frontiers...
spots all around the body. E. atroviridis is a member of the superorder Sacoglossa, and thus possesses the ability to perform kleptoplasty. E. atroviridis...
the nudibranchs, sea hares (Aplysiomorpha), and sap-sucking sea slugs (Sacoglossa). The name relates to the rhinophore's function as an organ of "smell"...
of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. Cylindrobulla is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it...
Education. Le Renard, J.; Sabelli, B.; Taviani, M. (1996). "On Candinia (Sacoglossa: Juliidae), a new fossil genus of bivalved gastropods". Journal of Paleontology...
also include several groups that lack an air-filled lung (Acochlidiacea, Sacoglossa and Pyramidelloidea). The name "Pulmonata" also inaccurate when applied...
related to Sacoglossa and Acochlidia. They proposed the more inclusive taxon Panpulmonata to unite the clades Siphonarioidea, Sacoglossa, Glacidorboidea...
Clionidae. Opisthobranchs with no shells are the gymnosomes (sea angels), the sacoglossa, and nudibranchs. "Order Gymnosomata Blainville 1824 (sea angel)". PBDB...
freshwater species marked in boldface: (Marine gastropods (Siphonarioidea, Sacoglossa, Amphiboloidea, Pyramidelloidea) are not depicted within Panpulmonata...
(2007-07-04). "Mating behaviour in the sea slug Elysia timida (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa): hypodermic injection, sperm transfer and balanced reciprocity". Frontiers...
it does not belong to that clade. Instead it is a member of the clade Sacoglossa, the sap-sucking sea slugs. Some members of this group use chloroplasts...
The list of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa is a list of saltwater mollusc species that form a part of the molluscan fauna of South Africa...
Elysia crispata". 2010-07-15. Clark, Kerri B. (May 1994). "Ascoglossan (=Sacoglossa) Molluscs in the Florida Keys: Rare Marine Invertebrates at Special Risk"...
phylogenetic relationships in the genus Costasiella (Heterobranchia: Sacoglossa), with a description of a new species". Journal of Molluscan Studies....
group as several marine opisthobranch orders including Nudibranchia, Sacoglossa and Acochlidiacea are not included. Euopisthobranchia consist of the following...
(2013). Additions to the inventory of the sea slugs (Opisthobranchia and Sacoglossa) from Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea). Revista de la Academia...
resemble other species of that group, but they are actually a part of the Sacoglossa superorder of sea slugs, also known as the “sap-sucking sea slugs,” "crawling...
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