For text messaging in general, see Text messaging.
An SMS message written on a Motorola Razr V3E.161, a common mobile keypad alphabet layout
Short Message/Messaging Service, commonly abbreviated as SMS, is a text messaging service component of most telephone, Internet and mobile device systems. It uses standardized communication protocols that let mobile devices exchange short text messages. An intermediary service can facilitate a text-to-voice conversion to be sent to landlines.[1]
SMS technology originated from radio telegraphy in radio memo pagers that used standardized phone protocols. These were defined in 1986 as part of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) series of standards.[2] The first SMS message was sent on 3 December 1992, when Neil Papworth, a test engineer for Sema Group, sent "Merry Christmas" to the Orbitel 901 phone of colleague Richard Jarvis.[3][4][5] SMS rolled out commercially on many cellular networks that decade and became hugely popular worldwide as a method of text communication.[6] By the end of 2010, SMS was the most widely used data application, with an estimated 3.5 billion active users, or about 80% of all mobile phone subscribers.
The service allows users to send and receive messages of up to 160 characters (when entirely alpha-numeric) to and from GSM mobiles. Although most SMS messages are sent from one mobile phone to another, support for the service has expanded to include other mobile technologies, such as CDMA networks and Digital AMPS.[7]
Mobile marketing, a type of direct marketing, uses SMS.[8] The global SMS messaging business was estimated to be worth over US$240 billion in 2013, accounting for almost half of all revenue generated by mobile messaging.[9]
^Kelly, Heather (December 3, 2012). "OMG, The Text Message Turns 20. But has SMS peaked?". CNN. Archived from the original on January 27, 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
^GSM Doc 28/85 "Services and Facilities to be provided in the GSM System" rev2, June 1985
^Cite error: The named reference First SMS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kleinman, Zoe. "'Merry Christmas': 30 years of the text message". Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
^"Vintage Mobiles". History of GSM. Orbitel 901 – the first GSM mobile and the first to receive a commercial SMS text message (1992). Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
^Jennifer O Mahony; Jennifer Omahony (3 December 2012). "How SMS Changed the World". The Telegraph UK. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
^"When First SMS Was Sent". Play GK Quiz. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
^Black, Ken (September 13, 2016). "What is SMS Marketing?". wiseGEEK. Archived from the original on August 26, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
^Portio Research. "Mobile Messaging Futures 2014-20148". Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
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