Runcorn is an industrial town and cargo port in the Borough of Halton, Cheshire, England. Its population in 2021 was 62,100.[1] Runcorn is on the southern bank of the River Mersey, where the estuary narrows to form the Runcorn Gap.
Runcorn was founded by Æthelflæd of Mercia in 915 AD as a fortification to guard against Viking invasion at a narrowing of the River Mersey.[3] Under Norman rule, Runcorn fell under the Barony of Halton and an Augustinian abbey was established here in 1115.[4] It remained a small, isolated settlement until the Industrial Revolution when the extension of the Bridgewater Canal to Runcorn in 1776 established it as a port which would link Liverpool with inland Manchester and Staffordshire.[5] The docks enabled the growth of industry, initially shipwrights and sandstone quarries. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, it was a spa and health resort but this ended with the growth of polluting industries, especially soap and chemical works.[6] In 1964, Runcorn was designated a new town and expanded eastward, swallowing neighbouring settlements and more than doubling its population.[7]
Three bridges span the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal at Runcorn: the Silver Jubilee Bridge, Mersey Gateway, and Runcorn Railway Bridge. Its location between Liverpool and Manchester and its links to the rail, motorway and canal networks have made it a centre for manufacturing, logistics, and wholesale and retail.[8] The town's motto is Navem Mercibus Implere (Latin for "fill the ship with goods"), a classical quotation from Juvenal.[9]
^ ab"Area profile for Runcorn". Office for National Statistics - Census 2021. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
^"Coordinate Distance Calculator". boulter.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^Nickson 1887, pp. 6–13.
^Greene 1989, pp. 1–9.
^Starkey 1983, pp. 19–24. and Starkey 1990, pp. 125–130.
^Starkey 1990, pp. 133–137.
^Ling, Arthur (1967). Runcorn New Town Master Plan(PDF). Runcorn Development Corporation. OCLC 311425. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
^Halton Borough Council. "2011 Census Halton key statistics profile" (PDF). Census and Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2019.
^"Runcorn – Coat of arms (crest) of Runcorn". Heraldry of the World. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
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