Map of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Kohlen- und Industriegebiets, 1896"Greeting from the Cannon City of Essen" (postcard with the depiction of the Krupp Gussstahlfabrik, 1913) - The postcard flirts with the power of a Krupp railway gun, in the beam of which the greetings are inscribed.
The Ruhr Question was a political topos put on the agenda by the Allies of World War I and the Allies of World War II in the negotiations following each respective war, concerning how to deal with the economic and technological potential of the area where the Rhine and Ruhr intersect. France was heavily in favor of monitoring this region, due to the perception that the economic and technological potential of the region had allowed the German Reich to threaten and occupy France during the Franco-Prussian War, World War I, and World War II. The Ruhr question was intimately associated with the Saar Statute and the German Question. There was also a close relationship between the Ruhr Question and the Allied occupation of the Rhineland (1919-1930), the Occupation of the Ruhr (1923-1924, 1925), the founding of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (1946), the International Authority for the Ruhr (1949-1952), the Schuman Declaration (1950), and the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community (1951). The political treatment of the Ruhr question is known as Ruhrpolitik in German. When one looks at the Rhineland as a whole or the attempted establishment of the Rhenish Republic in 1923, the terms Rhein- und Ruhrfrage or Rhein-Ruhr-Frage are used in German.[1][2]
^Vgl. etwa Theodor Schieder: Die Probleme des Rapallo-Vertrags. Eine Studie über die deutsch-russischen Beziehungen 1922–1926. Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Abhandlung, Heft 43, Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1956, ISBN 978-3-663-00298-7, S. 53
^Vgl. auch Akten der Reichskanzlei: Weimarer Republik: Die Kabinette Marx I/II: Ministerbesprechung vom 24. Januar 1924 (Band 1, Dokumente, Nr. 73, Abschnitt Nr. 4, Buchstabe a: Rhein-Ruhr-Frage: Verhandlungen des Wirtschaftsausschusses), Webseite im Portal bundesarchiv.de, retrieved 24 June 2015.
The RuhrQuestion was a political topos put on the agenda by the Allies of World War I and the Allies of World War II in the negotiations following each...
The Ruhr (/ˈrʊər/ ROOR; German: Ruhrgebiet [ˈʁuːɐ̯ɡəˌbiːt] , also Ruhrpott German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːɐ̯pɔt] ), also referred to as the Ruhr area, sometimes...
The Occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was a period of military occupation of the Ruhr region of Germany by France and Belgium from 11 January...
at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) in October 1923 during the occupation of the Ruhr by troops from France and Belgium (January 1923 – 1925) and subjected itself...
advance northeast from below the Ruhr River. If successful, this pincer movement would envelop the industrial Ruhr area, neutralizing the largest concentration...
future of the Weimar Republic. It was also one of the direct causes of the Ruhr uprising a few weeks later, which the government suppressed by military force...
the authors' disappointment with the new government's approach to the RuhrQuestion. French Wikisource has original text related to this article: Marceline...
payments in 1922, the occupation was expanded to include the industrial Ruhr valley from 1923 to 1925. In the early years of the occupation, a number...
late eighteenth century, the coal mining and metalworking industries of the Ruhr in the south of the province expanded rapidly, becoming the centre of the...
the removal or destruction of all industrial plants and equipment in the Ruhr. It was first proposed by United States Secretary of the Treasury Henry Morgenthau...
the area with the highest number of venues at UEFA Euro 2024 is the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with four of...
Due to the lack of reparation payments by Germany, France occupied the Ruhr in 1923 to enforce payments, causing an international crisis that resulted...
in the putsch but immediately afterwards had the Ruhr Red Army brutally suppressed during the Ruhr uprising. In 1921 the Reichswehr organized the Black...
the aftermath of the defeat of Army Group B and its encirclement in the Ruhr Pocket, Model took his own life on 21 April 1945. Otto Moritz Walter Model...
annually in Berlin from 1989 to 2003 and in 2006, then from 2007 to 2010 in the Ruhr region. Events scheduled for 2004 and 2005 in Berlin and for 2009 in Bochum...
and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Settlement in what is now Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various...
Ulrich Leonard Tölle was born in Lünen, a small town north of Dortmund in the Ruhr region of Germany in 1948. In 1961 he moved to Spain to live with his father...
stadium has been the Veltins-Arena. Schalke hold a long-standing rivalry with Ruhr neighbours Borussia Dortmund, known as the Revierderby. The club was founded...
integration in 1948, and to the Western Union, the International Authority for the Ruhr, the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community and...
Napoleon's defeat, Prussia acquired rich new territories, including the coal-rich Ruhr. The country then grew rapidly in influence economically and politically...
policy of passive resistance against the French-Belgian occupation of the Ruhr, and introduced the Rentenmark in a (relatively successful) attempt to tame...
years, the Cologne bridgehead and the territory north of a line along the Ruhr would be evacuated. After ten years, the bridgehead at Coblenz and the territories...
joined the Freikorps von Epp in 1919 to resist the French occupation of the Ruhr. In 1922, he started studying law and political economy at the universities...
the Ruhr Area. Due to migration within the German Empire, an enormous stream of Polish nationals (as many as 350,000) made their way to the Ruhr in the...
The region in Germany encompasses parts of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region and of the Ruhr. The Low Franconian dialects have three different standard...
to flee Berlin. (By contrast, the left-wing Ruhr uprising, which began during the Kapp Putsch in the Ruhr and Saxony, was ruthlessly put down with the...
concerned), but sanctions require only a qualified majority. The state in question would still be bound by the obligations treaties and the Council acting...
Schmelzer" [BVB team: Bellingham still out – frustration for Schmelzer]. Ruhr Nachrichten (in German). Dortmund. Archived from the original on 15 April...
goal was support of industrialisation, and so heavy lines crisscrossed the Ruhr and other industrial districts and provided good connections to the major...
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