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Royal Italian Army
Regio Esercito Italiano
War Flag of the Regio Esercito
Active
1861–1946
Country
Kingdom of Italy
Allegiance
King of Italy
Type
Army
Size
5,000,000 (1915)
1,600,000 (1939)
3,500,000 (1943)[1]
Colors
Green, White and Red
Anniversaries
4 November
Engagements
Third Italian War of Independence
Mahdist War
Italo-Ethiopian War (1895–96)
Boxer Rebellion
Italo-Turkish War
Somaliland Campaign
Banadir Resistance
World War I
Pacification of Libya
Italo-Ethiopian War (1935–36)
Spanish Civil War
Italian invasion of Albania
World War II
Commanders
Ceremonial chief
First Marshal of the Empire
Notable commanders
Victor Emmanuel II
Pietro Badoglio
Luigi Cadorna
Armando Diaz
Alfredo Guzzoni
Military unit
The Royal Italian Army (Italian: Regio Esercito, lit. 'Royal Army') (RE) was the land force of the Kingdom of Italy, established with the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy. During the 19th century Italy started to unify into one country, and in 1861 Manfredo Fanti signed a decree creating the Army of the Two Sicilies. This newly created army's first task was to defend against the repressive power in southern Italy, exemplified by rulers like Francis II of the Two Sicilies. The Army of the Two Sicilies combated against outlaws and against other armies during this time of unification. After the monarchy ended in 1946, the army changed its name to become the modern Italian Army (Esercito Italiano).
Within the Italian Royal Army were the elite mountain military corporals, the Alpini. The Alpini, which remain in existence today, are the oldest active mountain infantry in the world. Their original mission was to protect and secure Italy's northern mountain border that aligns with France and Austria. This group emerged in World War I when a three-year campaign was fought against the Austro-Hungarian Kaiserjäger and the German Alpenkorps. In World War II, the Alpini fought alongside Axis forces in the Eastern Front as well as the Balkans Campaigns.[2]
^Regio Esercito: The Italian Royal Army in Mussolini's Wars, 1935–1943, Patrick Cloutier, p. 211
^"An Alpino in the Royal Italian Army". Library Trust Fund. 6 February 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
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Global Information
Kingdom of Italy