This article is about a type of astronomical object. For other uses, see Rogue planet (disambiguation).
Planetary object without a planetary system
This video shows an artist's impression of the free-floating planet CFBDSIR J214947.2-040308.9.
A rogue (alternately interstellar, nomad, orphan, starless, unbound, or wandering) planet, also termed a free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to any star or brown dwarf.[1][2][3][4]
Rogue planets may originate from planetary systems in which they are formed and later ejected, or they can also form on their own, outside a planetary system. The Milky Way alone may have billions to trillions of rogue planets, a range the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will likely be able to narrow.[5][6]
Some planetary-mass objects may have formed in a similar way to stars, and the International Astronomical Union has proposed that such objects be called sub-brown dwarfs.[7] A possible example is Cha 110913−773444, which may either have been ejected and become a rogue planet or formed on its own to become a sub-brown dwarf.[8]
^Shostak, Seth (24 February 2005). "Orphan Planets: It's a Hard Knock Life". Space.com. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
^Lloyd, Robin (18 April 2001). "Free-Floating Planets – British Team Restakes Dubious Claim". Space.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008.
^"Orphan 'planet' findings challenged by new model". NASA Astrobiology. 18 April 2001. Archived from the original on 22 March 2009.
^Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Faherty, Jacqueline K.; Meisner, Aaron M.; Caselden, Dan; Schneider, Adam C.; Marocco, Federico; Cayago, Alfred J.; Smart, R. L.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Kuchner, Marc J.; Wright, Edward L.; Cushing, Michael C.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C. (1 March 2021). "The Field Substellar Mass Function Based on the Full-sky 20 pc Census of 525 L, T, and Y Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 253 (1): 7. arXiv:2011.11616. Bibcode:2021ApJS..253....7K. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/abd107. ISSN 0067-0049.
^Neil deGrasse Tyson in Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey as referred to by National Geographic
^"The research team found that the mission will provide a rogue planet count that is at least 10 times more precise than current estimates, which range from tens of billions to trillions in our galaxy." https://scitechdaily.com/our-solar-system-may-be-unusual-rogue-planets-unveiled-with-nasas-roman-space-telescope/
^Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet" Position Statement on the Definition of a "Planet" (IAU) Archived 16 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^"Rogue planet find makes astronomers ponder theory"
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