This article is about the mountain range in classical literature. For location on the Moon, see Montes Riphaeus.
Mountains mentioned by authors of classical antiquity
Franco-Flemish map of the world (ca. 1277) depicting global climate zones. The Riphean Mountains (riphei montes) appear in the far north (left).
In Greco-Roman geography, the Riphean Mountains (also Riphaean; /rɪˈfeɪən/, or /rɪˈfiən/; Ancient Greek: Ῥιπαῖα ὄρη; Latin: Rhipaei or Riphaei montes) were a supposed mountain range located in the far north of Eurasia.[1] The name of the mountains is probably derived from Ancient Greek: ῥιπή ("wind gust").[2] The Ripheans were often considered the northern boundary of the known world. As such, classical and medieval writers described them as extremely cold and covered in perennial snow. Ancient geographers considered the Ripheans the source of Boreas (the North Wind) and several large rivers (the Dnieper, the Don, and the Volga). The location of the Ripheans, as described by most classical geographers, would correspond roughly with the Volga region of modern-day Russia.[3]
^August Pauly et al., Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, IA, vol. 1 (Ra-Ryton) (Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler, 1914), s.v. "Ῥιπαια ὄρη," cols. 846-919; and William Smith (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (London: Walton & Mayberly, 1854), s.v. "Rhipaei Montes."
^Henry George Liddell & Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940), s.v. "ῥῑπή."
^"Non-existent mountains and lakes on the maps stored in the National Library of Russia". expositions.nlr.ru. Retrieved 2021-09-24.;Mund, Stéphane (2008). "The discovery of Muscovite Russia in Tudor England". Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire. 86 (2): 351–373. doi:10.3406/rbph.2008.7474.
the RipheanMountains (also Riphaean; /rɪˈfeɪən/, or /rɪˈfiən/; Ancient Greek: Ῥιπαῖα ὄρη; Latin: Rhipaei or Riphaei montes) were a supposed mountain range...
Riphean may refer to RipheanMountains, mentioned by authors of classical antiquity Ural Mountains, believed by some to be the Ripheanmountains Riphean...
named after the RipheanMountains in the geography of classical antiquity. Johannes Hevelius was the first astronomer to apply the Riphean label to a feature...
equated the Hyperboreans with the Scythians, and the RipheanMountains with the Ural Mountains. Clement of Alexandria and other early Christian writers...
following Russian sources, that there are mountains behind the Pechora and identified them with the RipheanMountains and Hyperboreans of ancient authors,...
Scythia who lived in the foothills of the RipheanMountains, variously identified with the Ural Mountains or the Carpathians. All tales of their struggles...
elder brother, Ashkenaz). Riphath has often been connected with the RipheanMountains of classical Greek geography, in whose foothills the Arimaspi (also...
the concept of the RipheanMountains – an area of which the location is uncertain. The RipheanMountains referred to the Ural Mountains. The Ural was considered...
north of the Scythians in the southeast foothills of the RipheanMountains (Ural Mountains?), although a semi-legendary people or tribe there could be...
griffins in the mountains of Hyperborea derives from Servius (4th and 5th century). Griffins had already been localized RipheanMountains by Mela (1st century)...
Sophocles, considered Nyx to live in the far north, describing the Ripheanmountains as being "breast of black night". In the Geryoneis of Stesichorus...
Faintly shaded area near Sacrobosco Dark spot at foot of Mons Huygens RipheanMountains Another interesting phenomenon visible with the naked eye is Earthshine...
"Aschanaxians, who are now called by the Greeks Rheginians". Riphath: "Ripheans, now called Paphlagonians". Thrugramma (Togarmah): "Thrugrammeans, who...
of a part of the ancient Slavic Aryan Empire which lay west of the RipheanMountains (the Urals). The lands east of the Urals to the Pacific Ocean and...
the Kazakhstan craton on the south. The Main Uralian Fault formed in the Riphean (early Neoproterozoic) in the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia as...
Stenian. Boring Billion – Earth history, 1.8 to 0.8 billion years ago Riphean (stage) – stage in the geological timescale named after the UralsPages...
Shatsky, made a comprehensive tectonic map of North Eurasia, introduced Riphean and Baikalian geological stages Pyotr Shirshov, polar explorer, founder...
Altai mountains, although they are present where the range extends into Russia and China. Much of Eastern Europe and Central Asia has Riphean rocks from...
platform hosts numerous ancient rifts or aulacogens some of which date to the Riphean of the Proterozoic. In the Late Devonian rifting and magmatic activity...
aspect of the East European Craton is the extensive 3-km and more-thick Riphean (middle to late Proterozoic) sedimentary cover over its 3000-km-wide platform...
into horst and graben formations by the Baikalian orogeny. During the Riphean period, a delineation of Eastern European stratigraphy, the Dnieper-Donets...
forests of conifers, mostly larch, in the slopes of the mountains. At higher altitudes there is mountain tundra. Further up the mountaintops are either flat...
have been found dating from the Baikalian age (850–650 Ma) of the Upper Riphean to 501 million years ago, well into the Cambrian Period. Ediacaria consists...
basal clastics and quartzite, followed by carbonate-bearing clastics with Riphean age stromatolite colonies, and capped by over 1 km of greywacke and quartzitic...
The basement rocks formed during the Paleozoic in the Precambrian as Riphean age ophiolite formations experienced rifting from 1.7 to 1.6 billion years...
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