German histologist and pathologist of the 19th century
Richard Altmann
Born
(1852-03-12)12 March 1852
Died
8 December 1900(1900-12-08) (aged 48)
Nationality
German
Occupation(s)
Pathologist, histologist
Richard Altmann (12 March 1852 – 8 December 1900) was a German pathologist and histologist from Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia.
Altmann studied medicine in Greifswald, Königsberg, Marburg, and Giessen, obtaining a doctorate at the University of Giessen in 1877. He then worked as a prosector at Leipzig, and in 1887 became an anatomy professor (extraordinary). He died in Hubertusburg in 1900 from a nervous disorder.
He improved fixation methods, for instance, his solution of potassium dichromate and osmium tetroxide.[1] Using that along with a new staining technique of applying acid-fuchsin contrasted by picric acid amid delicate heating, he observed filaments in the nearly all cell types, developed from granules.[1][2] He named the granules "bioblasts", and explained them as the elementary living units, having metabolic and genetic autonomy, in his 1890 book "Die Elementarorganismen" ("The Elementary Organism").[3][4] His explanation drew much skepticism and harsh criticism.[5] Altmann's granules are now believed to be mitochondria.[6][7]
He is credited with coining the term "nucleic acid" in 1889, replacing Friedrich Miescher's term "nuclein" when it was demonstrated that nuclein was acidic.[8]
^ abWilliam Bechtel, Discovering Cell Mechanisms: The Creation of Modern Cell Biology (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), pp 80–83.
^Erik Nordenskiöld, The History of Biology (New York: Knopf, 1935), pp 538–39.
^Richard Altmann, Die Elementarorganismen und ihre Beziehungen zu den Zellen [The cellular organelles and their relations to cells], (Leipzig, Germany: Veit & Co., 1890), p. 125. From p. 125: "Da auch sonst mancherlei Umstände dafür sprechen, dass Mikroorganismen und Granula einander gleichwerthig sind und Elementarorganismen vorstellen, welche sich überall finden, wo lebendige Kräfte ausgelöst werden, so wollen wir sie mit dem gemeinschaftlichen Namen der Bioblasten bezeichnen." (Since in other ways as well various circumstances indicate that microörganisms and granula are equivalent to each other and represent elementary organisms, which are found wherever living forces are initiated, then we will designate them with the common name of "bioblasts".) Available on-line at: Deutsches Textarchiv, Berlin
^O'Rourke, B. (2010). "From bioblasts to mitochondria: ever expanding roles of mitochondria in cell physiology". Frontiers in Physiology. 1: 7. doi:10.3389/fphys.2010.00007. PMC 3059936. PMID 21423350.
^Wilson, Edmund B. (1900). The Cell in Development and Inheritance (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan Co. pp. 289–291.
^"Altmann's granules", Merriam–Webster, Accessed online: 30 Aug 2013.
^Jan Sapp, "Mitochondria and their host", in W F Martin & M Müller, eds, Origin of Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes (Heidelberg: Springer, 2007), pp 57–59.
^Gribbin, John (2002). The Scientists: A History of Science Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors. New York: Random House. p. 546. ISBN 0812967887.
RichardAltmann (12 March 1852 – 8 December 1900) was a German pathologist and histologist from Deutsch Eylau in the Province of Prussia. Altmann studied...
Maria Altmann (née Maria Victoria Bloch, later Bloch-Bauer; February 18, 1916 – February 7, 2011) was an Austrian-American Jewish refugee from Austria...
acidic properties. He later also identified the nucleobases. In 1889 RichardAltmann created the term nucleic acid – at that time DNA and RNA were not differentiated...
to freeze dry meat. Modern freeze drying began as early as 1890 by RichardAltmann who devised a method to freeze dry tissues (either plant or animal)...
mitochondria were published in 1857, by the physiologist Albert von Kolliker. RichardAltmann, in 1890, established them as cell organelles and called them "bioblasts...
microscope, Albert von Kölliker, and were later termed "bioblasts" by RichardAltmann in 1886. Benda studied medicine in Berlin, Heidelberg, Vienna and Paris...
Gärtnerbräu on Reichenbachstrasse. In 1915 she went on tour with her husband RichardAltmann and his music quartet Buntes Münchner Brettl. In 1947 she was brought...
its leaders. Its main cantor for many years was Magnus Davidsohn and RichardAltmann (who was blind) was its organist. Emperor Wilhelm II presented the...
centrosome by Theodor Boveri 1890: Description of mitochondrion by RichardAltmann 1892: Weismann barrier and germ plasm by August Weismann 1908: Hardy–Weinberg...
now known as DNA from the sperm of salmon, and in 1889 his pupil, RichardAltmann, named it "nucleic acid". This substance was found to exist only in...
Beneden elucidate chromosome distribution during cell division. 1889: RichardAltmann purified protein free DNA. However, the nucleic acid was not as pure...
Discovery of the Diels–Alder reaction, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950. RichardAltmann: Discovery of the Mitochondrion Alois Alzheimer: Psychiatrist who discovered...
as Henry Altmann Mila Kunis as Dr. Sharon Gill Peter Dinklage as Aaron Altmann Melissa Leo as Bette Altmann Hamish Linklater as Tommy Altmann James Earl...
John Alton (October 5, 1901 – June 2, 1996), born Johann Jacob Altmann, in Sopron, Kingdom of Hungary, was an American cinematographer of Hungarian-German...
30–31. Altmann 1963, pp. 196–198. Altmann 1963, pp. 202–208. Altmann 1963, p. 198. Altmann 1963, pp. 216–217. Altmann 1963, pp. 213–222. Altmann 2009,...
fragmented and no longer functions as a cohesive social unit. Altmann, J.; Hausfater, G.; Altmann, S. A. (1988). "Determinants of reproductive success in savannah...
Wilhelm Altmann (4 April 1862 – 25 March 1951) was a German historian and musicologist. Wilhelm Altmann was born on 4 April 1862 in Adelnau, Poznań. He...
recovered by Maria Altmann and her co-heirs after their long legal battle against Austria (see Republic of Austria v. Altmann). Altmann's fight to regain...
Braedecker. Slezak was close friends in Vienna in the 1930s with heiress Maria Altmann and her family. On 21 April 1983, Slezak died from a self-inflicted gunshot...
around $200,000. Producer Kieran Altmann managed to secure some funding from his parents, Fiona and Martin Altmann, who are credited as executive producers...