The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus Rhynia, found in the Early Devonian (around 419 to 393 million years ago). Sources vary in the name and rank used for this group, some treating it as the class Rhyniopsida, others as the subdivision Rhyniophytina or the division Rhyniophyta. The first definition of the group, under the name Rhyniophytina, was by Banks,[2]: 8 since when there have been many redefinitions,[1]: 96–97 including by Banks himself. "As a result, the Rhyniophytina have slowly dissolved into a heterogeneous collection of plants ... the group contains only one species on which all authors agree: the type species Rhynia gwynne-vaughanii".[1]: 94 When defined very broadly, the group consists of plants with dichotomously branched, naked aerial axes ("stems") with terminal spore-bearing structures (sporangia).[3]: 227 The rhyniophytes are considered to be stem group tracheophytes (vascular plants).
^ abcdKenrick, Paul & Crane, Peter R. (1997), The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, ISBN 978-1-56098-730-7
^Andrews, H.N.; Kasper, A. & Mencher, E. (1968), "Psilophyton forbesii, a New Devonian Plant from Northern Maine", Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 95 (1): 1–11, doi:10.2307/2483801, JSTOR 2483801
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The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus Rhynia, found in the Early Devonian (around...
Tracheobionta and Equisetopsida sensu lato. Some early land plants (the rhyniophytes) had less developed vascular tissue; the term eutracheophyte has been...
Australia. In the late Silurian, two distinctive lineages, zosterophylls and rhyniophytes, had colonised the tropics. The former evolved into the lycopods that...
Psilotum and the rhyniophytes and trimerophytes are that the development of its vascular strand is exarch, while it is centrarch in rhyniophytes and trimerophytes...
(sporangia) on branched stems. They were formerly classified among the rhyniophytes, but it was later found that some of the original members of the group...
coordinates 71° 48′ 0″ S, 49° 36′ 0″ W. Dutoitia, a genus of Devonian rhyniophyte, named after the South African geologist Alex du Toit This page lists...
of names have been used, which the table below summarizes. For Banks, rhyniophytes comprised simple leafless plants with terminal sporangia (e.g., Cooksonia...
Tortilicaulis. Hue and Xao regarded cooksonioids as a group within the rhyniophytes with radially symmetrical sporangia of roughly the same height and width...
thought to be a "living fossil" closely related to early land plants (rhyniophytes). However, genetic analysis has shown Psilotum to be a reduced fern....
early land plants. It has characteristics both of the non-lycophyte rhyniophytes – terminal rather than lateral sporangia – and of the zosterophylls –...
(clubmosses and relatives). Hao and Xue in 2013 listed the genus as a rhyniophyte. Shute, C.H. & Edwards, D. (1989), "A new rhyniopsid with novel sporangium...
as the only known species of Rhynia. Rhynia is the type genus for the rhyniophytes, established as the subdivision Rhyniophytina by Banks, but since treated...
cylinder around it. This pattern was common in early land plants, such as "rhyniophytes", but is not present in any living plants.[citation needed] The other...
fungi. Among the microfossils are chytrids preserved as parasites on rhyniophytes. These fossils closely resemble the modern genus Allomyces. Holocarpic...
increased CO2 uptake at the expense of decreased water use efficiency. The rhyniophytes of the Rhynie chert consisted only of slender, unornamented axes. The...
and might have borne small spines. It was probably affiliated with the rhyniophytes. Schopf, J.M.; Mencher, E.; Boucot, A.J. & Andrews, H.N. (1966). "Erect...
locality being the Brown Clee Hill lagerstätten. It was listed as a rhyniophyte by Hao and Xue in 2013. Edwards, D.; Axe, L.; Mendez, E. (2001). "A new...
locality being the Brown Clee Hill lagerstätten. It was listed as a rhyniophyte by Hao and Xue in 2013. Edwards, D.; Fanning, U.; Davies, K. L.; Axe...
Junggaria was a genus of rhyniophyte-like land plants known from fossils found in China in Upper Silurian strata (Přídolí, around 430 to 420 million years...
Dutoitia is a genus of Devonian rhyniophyte, named after the renowned South African geologist Alex du Toit. It is one of the earliest plants from Gondwana...
Eogaspesiea was a genus of Early Devonian rhyniophyte with a tangled mess of branching axes that reached 10 cm in length. These probably emanated from...
(clubmosses and relatives). Hao and Xue in 2013 listed the genus as a rhyniophyte. Fairon-Demaret, M. (1986), "Les plantes emsiennes du Sart Tilman (Belgique)...
cladistic analyses of early land plants suggested that at least the rhyniophytes and the trimerophytes were not monophyletic. Separating out 'basal groups'...
was not affected.) As Rhynia major the species had been placed in the rhyniophytes, but no alternative higher level classification was proposed for the...
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