The United Nations categorizes Bangladesh as a moderate democratic Muslim country.[2][3] Sunni Islam is the largest and most dominant religion practiced in the country.[4][5]
In the Constitution of Bangladesh, Islam is referred to twice in the introduction and Part I of the constitution. The document begins with the Islamic phrase Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem (بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ) which in English is translated as "In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful" and article (2A) declares that:"Islam is the state religion of the republic" (although it was added later).[6]
In Bangladesh, there are four major religions; Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism and Christianity. A few people also follow religions like Sikhism, Bahai Faith, Sarnaism, Animism and some other religions. Islam is the largest religion in all the districts of Bangladesh except Rangamati.
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has stated that Bangladesh will be governed in line with the spirit of the Constitution of Medina.[7][8] But at the same time, the Constitution of Bangladesh calls secularism one of the four fundamental principles of the original Constitution of Bangladesh.[9] Despite having Islam as the state religion, Bangladesh is mostly governed by secular laws, set up during the times when the country was ruled by the British Crown.[10]
The constitution also states that "the State shall ensure equal status and equal right in the practice of the Hindu, Buddhist, Christian and other faiths and religions".[11]
"Freedom of religion" is its basic structure guaranteed by Bangladeshi constitution in which it calls for equal rights to all its citizens irrespective of their religious differences and it also bans discrimination on the grounds of religion in various platforms.
Bangladesh is one of the few secular Muslim-majority nations and "proselytizing" i.e. conversions from one religion to another are legally accepted and is legalized by law under article 41 of the constitution, subject to law, public order and morality.[12]
^"Census 2022: Bangladesh population now 165 million". 27 July 2022.
^"A moderate Muslim country!". The Daily Star. 6 April 2010.
^"Is Bangladesh a country of secular Bengalis or Muslim Bangladeshis?". 9 May 2013.
^"Religious Identity Among Muslims". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
^"Sunni and Shia Muslims". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 27 January 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2021.
^"The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | 2A. The state religion". bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd.
^"Country to be run as per Madinah Charter: PM". The Daily Star. UNB. 22 March 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
^"Bangladesh's Ambiguity on Religion Has Been Expensive for the Country". The Diplomat.
^"Secularism in Bangladesh: The troubled biography of a constitutional pillar". The Daily Star. 16 December 2020.
^"People & Culture in Bangladesh". Lonely Planet.
^"The state religion". bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
^"The Constitution of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | 41. Freedom of religion".
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