Global InformationRefugees of the Syrian civil war information
| |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-war population 22 ±.5; Internally displaced 6 ±.5, Refugees 5.5 ±.5, Fatalities 0.5 ±.1 (millions)[citation needed] | |||
| Syrian refugees | |||
| By country | Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey | ||
| Settlements | Camps: Jordan | ||
| Internally displaced Syrians | |||
| Casualties of the war | |||
| Crimes | Human rights violations, massacres, rape | ||
| Return of refugees, Refugees as weapons, Prosecution of war criminals | |||
Refugees of the Syrian civil war are citizens and permanent residents of Syria who have fled the country throughout the Syrian civil war. The pre-war population of the Syrian Arab Republic was estimated at 22 million (2017), including permanent residents.[1] Of that number, the United Nations (UN) identified 13.5 million (2016) as displaced persons, requiring humanitarian assistance. Of these, since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011 more than six million (2016) were internally displaced, and around five million (2016) had crossed into other countries,[2] seeking asylum or placed in Syrian refugee camps worldwide. It is often described as one of the largest refugee crises in history.
Armed revolts started across Syria in 2011 when security forces launched a violent campaign of clampdown on nation-wide protests, prompting opposition to form resistance militias, escalating the situation towards a civil war. Ensuing assaults on civilian areas by the Syrian Armed Forces resulted in the forced displacement of millions of Syrians, leading to a full-blown refugee crisis.[3] The Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP) was established in 2015 as a coordination platform including neighboring countries except Israel. By 2016, various nations had made pledges to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to permanently resettle 170,000 registered refugees.[4] Syrian refugees have contributed to the European migrant crisis, with the UNHCR receiving almost one million asylum applicants in Europe by August 2017.[5] Turkey is the largest host country of registered refugees, with over 3.7 million Syrian refugees.[6][7]
As of December 2022, a minimum of 580,000 people are estimated to be dead; with 13 million Syrians being displaced and 6.7 million refugees forced to flee Syria. The Ba'athist government and its security apparatus have arrested and tortured numerous repatriated refugees, subjecting them to forced disappearances and extrajudicial executions. Around 12 million Syrians live under conditions of severe food insecurity.[8] More than two-thirds of the displaced are women and children.[3][9]
The Law No. 10 issued by Bashar al-Assad in 2018 has enabled the state to confiscate properties from displaced Syrians and refugees, and has made the return of refugees harder for fear of being targeted by the regime.[a] Humanitarian aid to internally displaced persons within Syria and Syrian refugees in neighboring countries is planned largely through the UNHCR office. UNHCR Filippo Grandi has described the Syrian refugee crisis as "the biggest humanitarian and refugee crisis of our time and a continuing cause for suffering."[14]
- ^ "Syria's drained population". The Economist. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^ "UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 16_02_2016". 30 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Syria Refugee Crisis Explained". UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. 14 March 2023. Archived from the original on 29 March 2023.
- ^ "UNHCR Factsheet on resettlement: Syrian Refugees". UNHCR. 16 February 2016. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
- ^ "Europe: Syrian Asylum Applications". UNHCR. June 2017. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
UNHCR Global Trends 2019was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Number of Syrians in Turkey January 2022 – Refugees Association". Retrieved 21 April 2022.
- ^ "Syria". Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect. 1 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 January 2023.
- ^ "Syria Refugee Crisis". Archived from the original on 18 May 2023.
- ^ "Syria's new 'Law Number Ten' devastates Sunni refugees". The Herald. 28 January 2023. Archived from the original on 12 February 2022.
- ^ Abu Ahmad, Ibrahim (14 September 2018). "Assad's Law 10: Reshaping Syria's Demographics". washingtoninstitute.org. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022.
- ^ al-Jablawi, Hosam (5 June 2018). "Rebuilding Amidst Conflict: Law 10 and its Implications". Atlantic Council. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Q&A: Syria's New Property Law". Human Rights Watch. 29 May 2018. Archived from the original on 28 July 2022.
- ^ "Syria Refugee Crisis". unrefugees.org. Archived from the original on 18 May 2023.
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