Landform of calcareous material accumulated on an ancient seabed.
A reef knoll is a landform that comprises an immense pile of calcareous material that had previously accumulated on an ancient sea floor.[1] Reef knolls are geological remnants of reefs and other organic concentrations of calcareous organisms. Reef knolls are often fossil-rich, with prehistoric corals, sponges, calcareous algae, and other reef-builders contributing to a large portion of the structure's volume. This density of skeletal material allows the structure to withstand sea currents and stand freely.
Reef knolls can be divided into bioherms and biostromes. A bioherm is a landform of organic sedimentary rock enclosed or surrounded by rock of different origin.[2] A biostrome is a distinctly bedded or broadly lenticular sedimentary rock landform.[3] Krumbein additionally used these terms to distinguish different shapes of stromatolites: "Distinctly bedded, widely extensive, blanketlike build-ups are biostromes. Nodular, biscuit-like, dome-shaped or columnar stromatolites are also referred to as bioherms".[4]
^Cope, F. Wolverson (1976) Geology Explained in the Peak District, David & Charles
^"Definition of BIOHERM".
^"Definition of BIOSTROME".
^Krumbein, W.E., Brehm, U., Gerdes, G., Gorbushina, A.A., Levit, G. and Palinska, K.A. (2003). "Biofilm, Biodictyon, Biomat Microbialites, Oolites, Stromatolites, Geophysiology, Global Mechanism, Parahistology". In Krumbein, W.E.; Paterson, D.M.; Zavarzin, G.A. (eds.). Fossil and Recent Biofilms: A Natural History of Life on Earth(PDF). Kluwer Academic. pp. 1–28. ISBN 978-1-4020-1597-7. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-09.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
reefknoll is a landform that comprises an immense pile of calcareous material that had previously accumulated on an ancient sea floor. Reefknolls are...
Thorpe Cloud is an isolated limestone hill (a reefknoll) lying between the villages of Thorpe and Ilam on the Derbyshire/Staffordshire border at the southern...
319 km2, 123 sq mi total lagoon size). The geological formation known as a reefknoll refers to the elevated remains of an ancient atoll within a limestone...
stands Thorpe Cloud, 942 ft (287 m), an isolated limestone hill known as a reefknoll. It provides a viewpoint north up the dale and south across the Midlands...
Chrome Hill /ˈkruːm/ is a limestone reefknoll in Derbyshire, England, in the upper Dove valley beside the border with Staffordshire, within the civil...
Thunder Knoll 16°27′N 80°20′W / 16.450°N 80.333°W / 16.450; -80.333 is a reefknoll about 18 km in extent and composed of coral sand. It lies approximately...
Staffordshire. Geologically, the hill is the remains of an atoll (a 'reefknoll') which is believed to have existed during the Carboniferous period when...
Glamorgan. His fame stems primarily from his pioneering research on reefknolls near Settle and the Quaternary deposits of the Victoria Cave (which is...
circles - for the nearby Cracoe ReefKnolls, a series of limestone hills which are geological remnants of an ancient coral reef. Cracoe can also be seen as...
Diatoms, plants and animals developed in the lake, sometimes forming reefknolls. The duration of Lake Tauca's existence is uncertain. Research in 2011...
Craven Basin were formed, one theory led to them being called reefknolls, knollreefs, or bioherms but work in 1972 by Miller & Grayson identified them...
these mud mounds were formed. One theory led to them being called reefknolls, knollreefs, or bioherms but work in 1972 by Miller & Grayson explained their...
recreating the hard bottomed coral reefs off the coast of North Carolina. Since reopening, the North Carolina Aquarium at Pine Knoll Shores has continued to feature...
prominent tors and spires in the lower reaches of its gorge provided by knoll-reef limestones. The Wye and its tributary gorges are cut into the Bee Low...
about 9 km southwest of Banner Reef. Powell Knoll, at 16°47′N 77°43′W / 16.783°N 77.717°W / 16.783; -77.717 (Powell Knoll), lies 32 km southwest of Shannon...
Hawaiians. He was the first surfer to ride a wave breaking on the outside reef at Banzai Pipeline in November 1964. The wave I caught at Outside Pipeline...
reactions between methane and seawater create carbonate rock formations and reefs. These reactions may also be dependent on bacterial activity. Ikaite, a...
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some are formed by flooding of valleys resulting in the tops of former knolls getting isolated by water (e.g., Barro Colorado Island). There are several...
affected by the Kellwasser event were the calcite-based reef-builders of the great Devonian reef-systems, including the stromatoporoid sponges and the rugose...
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