Geology of the Peak District National Park information
The geology of the Peak District National Park in England is dominated by a thick succession of faulted and folded sedimentary rocks of Carboniferous age. The Peak District is often divided into a southerly White Peak where Carboniferous Limestone outcrops and a northerly Dark Peak where the overlying succession of sandstones and mudstones dominate the landscape. The scarp and dip slope landscape which characterises the Dark Peak also extends along the eastern and western margins of the park. Although older rocks are present at depth, the oldest rocks which are to be found at the surface in the national park are dolomitic limestones of the Woo Dale Limestone Formation seen where Woo Dale enters Wye Dale east of Buxton.
There has been extensive mineralization of faults associated with volcanism during Visean times; working of the veins concerned has been a significant industry within the White Peak and has left an often prominent legacy in the landscape. Quarrying of limestone for aggregate and for the chemical industry has also caused considerable landscape change, not least around Buxton and resulting in a sizeable area being excluded from the national park on its designation in 1951. There are areas in the west and along the eastern margins of the Park where Coal Measures rocks are found at the surface and some limited mining for coals has taken place historically.
Within the Dark Peak are innumerable landslips. Some remain active such as the famous Mam Tor slip whilst those at Alport Castles have resulted in dramatic landforms. Valleys incised into the Dark Peak succession have proved attractive sites for reservoir construction.
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