Extinct species of flightless rail which was endemic to Mauritius
For the place in England, see Red Rail, Herefordshire.
Red rail
Painting of a possibly stuffed specimen by Jacob Hoefnagel, ca. 1610
Conservation status
Extinct (shortly after 1693) (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Gruiformes
Family:
Rallidae
Genus:
†Aphanapteryx Frauenfeld, 1868
Species:
†A. bonasia
Binomial name
†Aphanapteryx bonasia
(de Sélys-Longchamps, 1848)
Location of Mauritius (in blue)
Synonyms
List
Apterornis bonasia Selys, 1848
Didus broecki Schlegel, 1854
Didus herbertii Schlegel, 1854
Aphanapteryx imperialis Frauenfeld, 1868
Aphanapteryx imperatoris Frauenfeld, 1868
Aphanapteryx broeckei (Milne-Edwards, 1868)
Didus herberti Milne-Edwards, 1868
Didus broeckii Milne-Edwards, 1868
Aphanapteryx broeckii Milne-Edwards, 1869
Pezophaps broeckei (Schlegel, 1873)
Pezophaps herbertii (Schlegel, 1873)
Aphanapteryx broecki Günther & Newton, 1879
Aphanapteryx broekei Newton & Gadow, 1893
Kuina mundyi Hachisuka, 1937
Pezocrex herberti (Hachisuka, 1953)
The red rail (Aphanapteryx bonasia) is an extinct species of rail that was endemic to the Mascarene island of Mauritius, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean. It had a close relative on Rodrigues island, the likewise extinct Rodrigues rail (Erythromachus leguati), with which it is sometimes considered congeneric, but their relationship with other rails is unclear. Rails often evolve flightlessness when adapting to isolated islands, free of mammalian predators, and that was also the case for this species. The red rail was a little larger than a chicken and had reddish, hairlike plumage, with dark legs and a long, curved beak. The wings were small, and its legs were slender for a bird of its size. It was similar to the Rodrigues rail, but was larger, and had proportionally shorter wings. It has been compared to a kiwi or a limpkin in appearance and behaviour.
This bird is believed to have fed on invertebrates, and snail shells have been found with damage matching an attack by its beak. Human hunters took advantage of an attraction red rails had to red objects by using coloured cloth to lure the birds so that they could be beaten with sticks. Until subfossil remains were discovered in the 1860s, scientists only knew the red rail from 17th century descriptions and illustrations. These were thought to represent several different species, which resulted in a large number of invalid junior synonyms. It has been suggested that all late 17th-century accounts of the dodo actually referred to the red rail, after the former had become extinct. The last mention of a red rail sighting is from 1693, and it is thought to have gone extinct around 1700, due to predation by humans and introduced species.
^BirdLife International (2012). "Aphanapteryx bonasia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T22728884A39099824. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22728884A39099824.en.
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