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In information technology a reasoning system is a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as deduction and induction. Reasoning systems play an important role in the implementation of artificial intelligence and knowledge-based systems.
By the everyday usage definition of the phrase, all computer systems are reasoning systems in that they all automate some type of logic or decision. In typical use in the Information Technology field however, the phrase is usually reserved for systems that perform more complex kinds of reasoning. For example, not for systems that do fairly straightforward types of reasoning such as calculating a sales tax or customer discount but making logical inferences about a medical diagnosis or mathematical theorem. Reasoning systems come in two modes: interactive and batch processing. Interactive systems interface with the user to ask clarifying questions or otherwise allow the user to guide the reasoning process. Batch systems take in all the available information at once and generate the best answer possible without user feedback or guidance.[1]
Reasoning systems have a wide field of application that includes scheduling, business rule processing, problem solving, complex event processing, intrusion detection, predictive analytics, robotics, computer vision, and natural language processing.
^Wos, Larry; Owerbeek, Ross; Ewing, Lusk; Boyle, Jim (1984). Automated Reasoning: Introductions and Applications. Prentice Hall. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-13-054453-7.
In information technology a reasoningsystem is a software system that generates conclusions from available knowledge using logical techniques such as...
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that...
artificial intelligence, a procedural reasoningsystem (PRS) is a framework for constructing real-time reasoningsystems that can perform complex tasks in...
representation and reasoning and metalogic, the area of automated reasoning is dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning. The study of automated...
Probabilistic logic (also probability logic and probabilistic reasoning) involves the use of probability and logic to deal with uncertain situations....
problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if–then rules rather than through conventional procedural code. Expert systems were...
Logical reasoning is a mental activity that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences or arguments by starting...
opportunistic reasoning, pieces of knowledge may be applied either forward or backward, at the "most opportune time". An opportunistic reasoningsystem may combine...
determine reasoning rather than an underlying mechanical structure. The other reasoning process in Sloman's opinion was of the Rule-based system. The system functioned...
design formalisms that will make complex systems easier to design and build. Knowledge representation and reasoning also incorporates findings from logic...
semantic web, and the strengths and limitations of formal knowledge and reasoningsystems. Symbolic AI was the dominant paradigm of AI research from the mid-1950s...
as deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning. Aristotle drew a distinction between logical discursive reasoning (reason proper)...
Inductive reasoning is any of various methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a body of observations. This article...
In artificial intelligence (AI), commonsense reasoning is a human-like ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations...
also examples of probabilistic reasoners, including non-axiomatic reasoningsystems, and probabilistic logic networks. Notable semantic reasoners and...
in the subject of abduction. Diagnostic expert systems frequently employ abduction. Deductive reasoning allows deriving b {\displaystyle b} from a {\displaystyle...
Analytical reasoning, also known as analytical thinking, refers to the ability to look at information, be it qualitative or quantitative in nature, and...
Syllogism – Type of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning Theory – Supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something Thought experiment –...
commonly used methods of reasoning with inference rules and logical implications – the other is forward chaining. Backward chaining systems usually employ a depth-first...
Forward chaining (or forward reasoning) is one of the two main methods of reasoning when using an inference engine and can be described logically as repeated...
Moral reasoning is the study of how people think about right and wrong and how they acquire and apply moral rules. It is a subdiscipline of moral psychology...
this, one being a "joint reasoning" system in which the player would correct the deductions of a detective, and a court system in which the player, as...
Diagrammatic reasoning is reasoning by means of visual representations. The study of diagrammatic reasoning is about the understanding of concepts and...
diagnosis. Another example of a CDSS would be a case-based reasoning (CBR) system. A CBR system might use previous case data to help determine the appropriate...
In philosophy of logic, defeasible reasoning is a kind of provisional reasoning that is rationally compelling, though not deductively valid. It usually...
advances in artificial intelligence (AI) will probably result in general reasoningsystems that lack human cognitive limitations. Others believe that humans...
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