North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology
The Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from less than 240,000 years to 11,000 years BP, a period of 0.229 million years.[1] Named after the famed Rancho La Brea fossil site (more commonly known as the La Brea tar pits) in Los Angeles, California,[2] the Rancholabrean is characterized by the presence of the genus Bison in a Pleistocene context, often in association with other extinct Pleistocene forms such as Mammuthus.[2][3] The age is usually considered to overlap the late Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene epochs. The Rancholabrean is preceded by the Irvingtonian NALMA stage, and it is succeeded by the Santarosean age.[4]
The Rancholabrean can be further divided into the substages of the Sheridanian: Upper boundary source of the base of the Holocene (approximate)[5]
By another terminology, it can be split into two sub-intervals, Ra1 from 250,000 to 115,000 years ago, and Ra2 from 115,000 to 12,000 years ago.[6]
On other continents, the Rancholabrean shares this time period with the Oldenburgian of European Land Mammal Ages, and the latter Lujanian of the South American Land Mammal Ages.
^Sanders, A.E., R.E. Weems, and L.B. Albright III (2009) Formalization of the mid-Pleistocene "Ten Mile Hill beds" in South Carolina with evidence for placement of the Irvingtonian–Rancholabrean boundary, Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 64:369-375
^ abSavage, D.E. (1951) Late Cenozoic vertebrates of the San Francisco Bay region, University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 28:215-314
^Bell, C.J.; et al. (2004). "The Blancan, Irvingtonian, and Rancholabrean mammal ages". In Woodburne, M.O. (ed.). Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. pp. 232–314. ISBN 0-231-13040-6.
^Barnosky, Anthony D; Holmes, Michael; Kirchholtes, Renske; Lindsey, Emily; Maguire, Kaitlin C; Poust, Ashley W; Stegner, M Allison; Sunseri, Jun; Swartz, Brian; Swift, Jillian; Villavicencio, Natalia A (2014-12-01). "Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs)". The Anthropocene Review. 1 (3): 225–242. doi:10.1177/2053019614547433. ISSN 2053-0196.
^Paleobiology Database, Sheridanian substage
^"Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age". Florida Museum. 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
The Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal...
floridanus was widespread in the Southeastern United States during the Rancholabrean epoch (250,000–11,000 years ago), with scattered reports of fossils...
Panthera that is known from a single fossil found in a Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean NALMA, dated to 13,000 BP) age cenote in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico...
Irvingtonian ages of North America while M. trumani was exclusive to the Rancholabrean age. The first fossils attributed to Miracinonyx were several isolated...
of capybara that lived in San Diego County, California, during the Rancholabrean stage of the Pleistocene (between 130,000 and 80,000 years ago). It...
northern Asia. The gray wolf colonized North America during the late Rancholabrean era across the Bering land bridge, with at least three separate invasions...
epochs. The Irvingtonian is preceded by the Blancan and followed by the Rancholabrean NALMA stages. The Irvingtonian can be further divided into substages:...
California. 10: 533. Kurtén, B. (1984). "Geographic differentiation in the Rancholabrean dire wolf (Canis dirus Leidy) in North America". In Genoways, H. H.;...
Bering land bridge into North America, marking the beginning of the Rancholabrean faunal stage. Around 500,000 years ago, the last members of the largely...
Montana. However, A. simus became a pan-continental species in the Rancholabrean (Late Pleistocene), sharing that distinction with the black bear. Despite...
White, R. S.; McDonald, H. G.; Baez, A. (2007). "Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) Glyptodont and Pampathere (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Sonora, Mexico"...
recorded from more than 25 Pleistocene localities in Florida, 23 of Rancholabrean age, one possibly of Irvingtonian age, and one of late Blancan age....
ages (NALMA) include Blancan (4.75–1.8), Irvingtonian (1.8–0.24) and Rancholabrean (0.24–0.01) in millions of years. The Blancan extends significantly...
the Columbian mammoth, as well as the Dire wolf, Camelops, and other Rancholabrean megafauna during the Younger Dryas has been determined, climate change...
Mexico. Haynes CV (May 2008). "Younger Dryas "black mats" and the Rancholabrean termination in North America". Proceedings of the National Academy of...
Specimens of the extinct camelid, Camelops have been uncovered from the Rancholabrean units of this formation of both the species C. hesternus and C. minidokae...
later migrations. In the North American land mammal age scale, the Rancholabrean spans the time from c. 240,000 years ago to c. 11,000 years ago. It...
back to 18,940–18,530 years ago, during the Late Pleistocene (late Rancholabrean) epoch, and indicates that the site was likely a hardwood-conifer swamp...
outside of Beringia that predate the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are of Rancholabrean age (240,000–11,000 years BP) and occur along the fringes of the Rocky...
R. S. White, H. G. McDonald, and A. Baez. 2007. Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) glyptodont and pampathere (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Sonora, Mexico...
and R. Thomas. 2022. Bison antiquus and B. latifrons from the latest Rancholabrean (latest Pleistocene), Nueces River Valley, South Texas. New Mexico Museum...
appearance of bison in North America is considered to define the regional Rancholabrean faunal stage, due to its major impact on the ecology of the continent...
sites such as Fish Springs Flat in Nevada. From the Irvingtonian to the Rancholabrean (from around 1.6 million to 11,000 years ago), only M. americanum and...
America with a temporal extension for the Blancan, Irvingtonian and early Rancholabrean (Report). FAUNMAP II Database (1.0 ed.). Retrieved 13 December 2015...
Pleistocene/ late Irvingtonian (250–300,000 years ago) through to the Rancholabrean of the Late Pleistocene (11,000 BP). M. jeffersonii was probably descended...
fatalis existed 1.6 million–10,000 years ago (late Irvingtonian to Rancholabrean ages), and replaced S. gracilis in North America. S. populator existed...
striped skunk. The first emerged from the Texas-Mexico region during the Rancholabrean before the Illinoian glaciation and colonized the southeastern United...
pp. 551–556. Hulbert, R.C.; Pratt, A.E. (1998). "New pleistocene (Rancholabrean) vertebrate faunas from coastal Georgia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology...
Emslie, Steven D. (1985). "A New Species of Teal From the Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) of Wyoming". Auk. 102 (1): 201–205. doi:10.2307/4086849. JSTOR 4086849...
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