Global InformationRam Janmabhoomi information
  Ayodhya Ayodhya (Uttar Pradesh) | |
| Location | Ayodhya |
|---|---|
| Region | Uttar Pradesh |
| Coordinates | 26°47′44″N 82°11′39″E / 26.7956°N 82.1943°E |
| Site notes | |
| Ownership | Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra[1] |
| Ayodhya dispute |
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| Organizations |
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Ram Janmabhoomi (lit. 'Birthplace of Rama') is the site that, according to Hindu religious beliefs, is the birthplace of Rama, the seventh avatar of the Hindu deity Vishnu. The Ramayana states that the location of Rama's birthplace is on the banks of the Sarayu river in a city called "Ayodhya". Modern-day Ayodhya is in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is contested whether the Ayodhya mentioned in the Ramayana is the same as the modern city.[2][3]
Some Hindus claim that the exact site of Rama's birthplace is within the grounds where the Babri Masjid once stood in the present-day Ayodhya,[4] with this belief extending back to at least 1822.[3] It has been suggested that a temple to Rama formerly existed at the same site as the Babri Masjid until it was replaced by the mosque, an idea supported by a court-ordered report of the Archaeological Survey of India following archaeological excavations around the ruins of the mosque, though the existence of this temple and the conclusions of the report are disputed.[5][6]
The idols of Rama and Sita were placed in the mosque in 1949 and the devotees begin to gather from the next day.[7][8] In 1992, the demolition of the Babri Masjid by Hindu nationalists triggered widespread Hindu-Muslim violence. The legal dispute over the property reached the Indian Supreme Court, which heard the title dispute cases from August to October 2019.[9][10] On 9 November 2019, the Supreme Court ruled in favour of the Hindu parties and ordered the land to be handed over to a trust to build a Hindu temple.[11] The court also compensated the Muslims by providing them 5 acres of land to build a mosque. The court inferred that the foundation of the mosque was based on the walls of a large pre existing structure dating back to the 12th century whose architectural features are suggestive of Hindu religious origin.[12] The Supreme Court however concluded that there is time gap between the construction of the pre existing structure in 12th century and the construction of mosque in 16th century and no conclusion on the cause of destruction of the underlying structure from this era can be drawn based on the ASI report.[12] The temple was later inaugurated in January 2024.[13]
- ^ "Sri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra: PM Modi announces formation of Ayodhya temple trust". Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2023.
- ^ Gopal, Sarvepalli; Thapar, Romila; Chandra, Bipan; Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi; Jaiswal, Suvira; Mukhia, Harbans; Panikkar, K. N.; Champakalakshmi, R.; Saberwal, Satish; Chattopadhyaya, B. D.; Verma, R. N.; Meenakshi, K.; Alam, Muzaffar; Singh, Dilbagh; Mukherjee, Mridula; Palat, Madhavan; Mukherjee, Aditya; Ratnagar, S. F.; Bhattacharya, Neeladri; Trivedi, K. K.; Sharma, Yogesh; Chakravarti, Kunal; Josh, Bhagwan; Gurukkal, Rajan; Ray, Himanshu (February 1990). "The Political Abuse of History: Babri Masjid-Rama Janmabhumi Dispute". Social Scientist. 18 (1/2): 76–81. doi:10.2307/3517330. JSTOR 3517330.
- ^ a b Udayakumar, S. P. (July 1997). "Historicizing Myth and Mythologizing History: The 'Ram Temple' Drama". Social Scientist. 25 (7/8): 11–26. doi:10.2307/3517601. ISSN 0970-0293. JSTOR 3517601.
- ^ Jain, Meenakshi (2017), The Battle for Rama – Case of the Temple at Ayodhya, Aryan Books International, ISBN 978-8-173-05579-9[page needed]
- ^ Jaffrelot, Christophe (7 December 2015). "Ayodhya Issue". In Smith, Anthony D; Hou, Xiaoshuo; Stone, John; Dennis, Rutledge; Rizova, Polly (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism (1 ed.). Wiley. pp. 1–3. doi:10.1002/9781118663202.wberen644. ISBN 978-1-4051-8978-1. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ Etter, Anne-Julie (14 December 2020). "Creating Suitable Evidence of the Past? Archaeology, Politics, and Hindu Nationalism in India from the End of the Twentieth Century to the Present". South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal (24/25). doi:10.4000/samaj.6926. ISSN 1960-6060. Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ Agrawal, S.P.; Aggarwal, J.C. (1992). Information India 1990–91 : Global View. Concepts in communication informatics and librarianship. Concept Publishing Company. p. 489. ISBN 978-81-7022-293-4. Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- ^ Kunal, Kishore (2016). Ayodhya Revisited (1st ed.). New Delhi: Ocean Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. xxxii. ISBN 978-81-8430-357-5.
- ^ "Ayodhya dispute: The complex legal history of India's holy site". BBC News. 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
- ^ "Supreme Court hearing ends in Ayodhya dispute; orders reserved". Business Line. Press Trust of India. 16 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2019.
- ^ "Ram Mandir verdict: Supreme Court verdict on Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid case". The Times of India. 9 November 2019. Archived from the original on 9 November 2019. Retrieved 9 November 2019.
- ^ a b "Supreme Court Judgement on Babri Masjid" (PDF). Supreme Court of India. 9 November 2019.
- ^ "Ayodhya Ram Mandir: India PM Modi inaugurates Hindu temple on razed Babri mosque site". BBC News. 22 January 2024. Archived from the original on 22 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.