Racism in Australia information

Racism in Australia comprises negative attitudes and views on race or ethnicity which are held by various people and groups in Australia, and have been reflected in discriminatory laws, practices and actions (including violence) at various times in the history of Australia against racial or ethnic groups.^[1]

Racism against various ethnic or minority groups has existed in Australia since British colonisation. Throughout Australian history, the Indigenous peoples of Australia have faced severe restrictions on their political, social, and economic freedoms, and suffered genocide,^[2] forced removals,^[3] and massacres,^[4] and continue to face discrimination.^[5]^[6]^[7] African,^[8] Asian,^[9] Pacific Islander,^[10] and Middle Eastern^[11] Australians have also been the victims of discrimination. In addition, Jews,^[12] Italians,^[13] and the Irish^[14] were often subjected to xenophobic exclusion and other forms of religious and ethnic discrimination.

Racism has manifested itself in a variety of ways, including segregation,^[15] racist immigration^[16] and naturalisation^[17] laws, and internment camps.^[18]^[19]^[20]

^ "International Convention on the Elimination of A ll Forms of Racial and Sexual Discrimination". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
^ "Genocide in Australia". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ Studies, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (7 August 2022). "The Stolen Generations". aiatsis.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "Centre For 21st Century Humanities". c21ch.newcastle.edu.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ Markwick, Alison; Ansari, Zahid; Clinch, Darren; McNeil, John (14 March 2019). "Experiences of racism among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults living in the Australian state of Victoria: a cross-sectional population-based study". BMC Public Health. 19 (1): 309. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6614-7. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 6419444. PMID 30871531.
^ "Discrimination against Indigenous Australians has risen dramatically, survey finds". The Guardian. 23 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "Discrimination: Know your rights Information for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "In our own words - African Australians: A review of human rights and social inclusion issues (2010) | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ Qiuping Pan; Jia Gao (4 March 2021). "Australia needs to embrace 'Asianness' as part of 'Australianness'". Pursuit. University of Melbourne. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "Australian South Sea Islanders: A century of race discrimination under Australian law (2003) | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ Pedersen, Anne; Dunn, Kevin; Forrest, James; McGarty, Craig (June 2012). "Prejudice and Discrimination From Two Sides: How Do Middle-Eastern Australians Experience It and How Do Other Australians Explain It?". Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology. 6 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1017/prp.2012.3. ISSN 1834-4909.
^ "The Subtle Forms of Antisemitism in Australia". The Centre for Independent Studies. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "Mocked outcasts to cultural mainstays: How Italian migrants reshaped Australia". ABC News. 26 September 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "Red Flag". redflag.org.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "History: Protection: Working with Indigenous Australians: History". www.workingwithindigenousaustralians.info. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "1901: White Australia policy enshrined in law", Defining Moments: White Australia policy, National Museum of Australia, 29 September 2022, NMA classroom resources, retrieved 10 February 2023
^ "Owning our history". Monash Lens. 11 June 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
^ "Japanese internment a dark chapter of Australian history". amp.smh.com.au. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
^ "Japanese survivors recall Australia's WWII civilian internment camps". SBS News. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
^ "Civilian internees in Australia | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

[OHCHR-1] "International Convention on the Elimination of A ll Forms of Racial and Sexual Discrimination". Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. 13 September 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2018.

[2] "Genocide in Australia". The Australian Museum. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[3] Studies, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (7 August 2022). "The Stolen Generations". aiatsis.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[4] "Centre For 21st Century Humanities". c21ch.newcastle.edu.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[5] Markwick, Alison; Ansari, Zahid; Clinch, Darren; McNeil, John (14 March 2019). "Experiences of racism among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults living in the Australian state of Victoria: a cross-sectional population-based study". BMC Public Health. 19 (1): 309. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6614-7. ISSN 1471-2458. PMC 6419444. PMID 30871531.

[6] "Discrimination against Indigenous Australians has risen dramatically, survey finds". The Guardian. 23 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[7] "Discrimination: Know your rights Information for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[8] "In our own words - African Australians: A review of human rights and social inclusion issues (2010) | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[9] Qiuping Pan; Jia Gao (4 March 2021). "Australia needs to embrace 'Asianness' as part of 'Australianness'". Pursuit. University of Melbourne. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[10] "Australian South Sea Islanders: A century of race discrimination under Australian law (2003) | Australian Human Rights Commission". humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[11] Pedersen, Anne; Dunn, Kevin; Forrest, James; McGarty, Craig (June 2012). "Prejudice and Discrimination From Two Sides: How Do Middle-Eastern Australians Experience It and How Do Other Australians Explain It?". Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology. 6 (1): 18–26. doi:10.1017/prp.2012.3. ISSN 1834-4909.

[12] "The Subtle Forms of Antisemitism in Australia". The Centre for Independent Studies. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[13] "Mocked outcasts to cultural mainstays: How Italian migrants reshaped Australia". ABC News. 26 September 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[14] "Red Flag". redflag.org.au. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[15] "History: Protection: Working with Indigenous Australians: History". www.workingwithindigenousaustralians.info. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[16] "1901: White Australia policy enshrined in law", Defining Moments: White Australia policy, National Museum of Australia, 29 September 2022, NMA classroom resources, retrieved 10 February 2023

[17] "Owning our history". Monash Lens. 11 June 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[18] "Japanese internment a dark chapter of Australian history". amp.smh.com.au. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

[19] "Japanese survivors recall Australia's WWII civilian internment camps". SBS News. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

[20] "Civilian internees in Australia | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 4 July 2022.

Racism in Australia information

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Social Arophobia Acephobia Adultism Anti-albinism Anti-autism Anti-homelessness Anti-drug addicts Anti-intellectualism Anti-intersex Anti-left handedness Anti-Masonry Antisemitism Aporophobia Audism Biphobia Clannism Cronyism Elitism Ephebiphobia Social determinants of health Social determinants of health in poverty Social determinants of mental health Fatphobia Gayphobia Gerontophobia Heterosexism HIV/AIDS stigma Homophobia Leprosy stigma Lesbophobia Discrimination against men Misandry Misogyny Nepotism Pedophobia Perpetual foreigner Pregnancy Reverse Sectarianism Supremacism Black White Transphobia Non-binary Transmisogyny Vegaphobia Xenophobia
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Ethnic/national Afghan African Albanian Arab Armenian Asian France South Africa United States Assyrian Azerbaijani Black people African Americans China South Africa Bengali Catalan Chechen Chinese Croat Filipino Finnish French Georgian German Greek Haitian Hazara Hispanic Hungarian Igbo Indian Indigenous people Australia Canada United States Iranian Irish Israeli Italian Japanese Jewish Korean Kurdish Lithuanian Malay Mexican Middle Eastern Mongolian Pakistani Palestinians Pashtun Polish Quebec Romani Romanian Russian Serb Slavic Somali Tatar Thai Turkish Ukrainian Uyghur Venezuelan Vietnamese
Manifestations Anti-LGBT rhetoric Blood libel Bullying Cancel culture Capital punishment for homosexuality Compulsory sterilization Corrective rape Counter-jihad Cultural genocide Defamation Democide Disability hate crime Dog whistle Economic Education Employment Eliminationism Enemy of the people Ethnic cleansing Ethnic conflict Ethnic hatred Ethnic joke Ethnocide Forced conversion Freak show Gay bashing Gendercide Genital modification and mutilation Genocide examples Glass ceiling Hate crime LGBT Hate group Hate speech Homeless dumping Housing Indian rolling Intersectionality Lavender scare LGBT grooming conspiracy theory List of people killed for being transgender Lynching Mortgage Murder music Native American mascots Braves Blackhawks Chiefs Occupational segregation Persecution Pogrom Political repression Purge Racialization Religious persecution Religious terrorism Religious violence Religious war Scapegoating Segregation academy Sexual harassment Sex-selective abortion Slut-shaming Trans bashing Victimisation Violence against women White flight White genocide conspiracy theory Wife selling Witch-hunt
Policies Age of candidacy Blood purity Blood quantum Crime of apartheid Disabilities Catholic Jewish Gender pay gap Gender roles Gerontocracy Gerrymandering Ghetto benches Internment Jewish quota Law for Protection of the Nation MSM blood donation restrictions Nonpersons Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota) One-drop rule Racial quota Racial segregation Jim Crow laws Nuremberg Laws Racial steering Redlining Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) Segregation age racial religious sexual Social exclusion Sodomy law State atheism State religion Ugly law Voter suppression
Countermeasures Affirmative action Anti-discrimination law Anti-racism Constitutional colorblindness Cultural assimilation Cultural pluralism Diversity training Empowerment Fat acceptance movement Feminism Fighting Discrimination Hate speech laws by country Human rights Intersex human rights LGBT rights Masculism Multiculturalism Nonviolence Racial integration Reappropriation Self-determination Social integration Toleration
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