Quantum heat engines and refrigerators information
A quantum heat engine is a device that generates power from the heat flow between hot and cold reservoirs.
The operation mechanism of the engine can be described by the laws of quantum mechanics.
The first realization of a quantum heat engine was pointed out by Scovil and Schulz-DuBois in 1959,[1] showing the connection of efficiency of the Carnot engine and the 3-level maser.
Quantum refrigerators share the structure of quantum heat engines with the purpose of pumping heat from a cold to a hot bath consuming power
first suggested by Geusic, Schulz-DuBois, De Grasse and Scovil.[2] When the power is supplied by a laser the process is termed optical pumping or laser cooling, suggested by Wineland and Hänsch.[3][4][5]
Surprisingly heat engines and refrigerators can operate up to the scale of a single particle thus justifying the need for a quantum theory termed quantum thermodynamics.[6]
^Scovil, H. E. D.; Schulz-DuBois, E. O. (1959). "Three-Level Masers as Heat Engines". Physical Review Letters. 2 (6): 262–263. Bibcode:1959PhRvL...2..262S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.2.262. ISSN 0031-9007.
^Geusic, J. E.; Bois, E. O. Schulz-Du; De Grasse, R. W.; Scovil, H. E. D. (1959). "Three Level Spin Refrigeration and Maser Action at 1500 mc/sec". Journal of Applied Physics. 30 (7): 1113–1114. Bibcode:1959JAP....30.1113G. doi:10.1063/1.1776991. ISSN 0021-8979.
^D. J. Wineland and H. Dehmelt, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20, 637 (1975)
^Hänsch, T.W.; Schawlow, A.L. (1975). "Cooling of gases by laser radiation". Optics Communications. 13 (1): 68–69. Bibcode:1975OptCo..13...68H. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(75)90159-5. ISSN 0030-4018.
^Letokhov, V.S.; Minogin, V.G.; Pavlik, B.D. (1976). "Cooling and trapping of atoms and molecules by a resonant laser field". Optics Communications. 19 (1): 72–75. Bibcode:1976OptCo..19...72L. doi:10.1016/0030-4018(76)90388-6. ISSN 0030-4018.
^Alicki, R (1979). "The quantum open system as a model of the heat engine". Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General. 12 (5): L103–L107. Bibcode:1979JPhA...12L.103A. doi:10.1088/0305-4470/12/5/007. ISSN 0305-4470.
and 26 Related for: Quantum heat engines and refrigerators information
heat engines include the thermal power station, internal combustion engine, firearms, refrigeratorsandheat pumps. Power stations are examples of heat engines...
This timeline of heatengine technology describes how heatengines have been known since antiquity but have been made into increasingly useful devices...
cooling and then is absorbed into the second coolant; heat is needed to reset the two coolants to their initial states. Absorption refrigerators are commonly...
described by the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantumrefrigerators are devices that consume power with the purpose to pump heat from a cold to a hot reservoir...
An ideal refrigerator or heat pump can be thought of as an ideal heatengine that is operating in a reverse Carnot cycle. Heat pump cycles and refrigeration...
zero". New Scientist. Levy, A.; Alicki, R.; Kosloff, R. (2012). "Quantumrefrigeratorsand the third law of thermodynamics". Phys. Rev. E. 85 (6): 061126...
class of problems in quantum thermodynamics is periodically driven systems. Periodic quantumheatenginesand power-driven refrigerators fall into this class...
such as an internal combustion engine, steam turbine, steam engine, boiler, furnace, refrigerator, ACs etc. For a heatengine, thermal efficiency is the ratio...
applied to heat. The initial application of thermodynamics to mechanical heatengines was quickly extended to the study of chemical compounds and chemical...
steady-state heatengines" (PDF). Physical Review E. 102 (4). However, fluctuations [in reservoir temperature] make impractical such engines. Sources Carnot...
alloy stretching and relaxing. Many Stirling cycle heatengines can be run backwards to act as a refrigerator, and therefore these engines have a niche use...
between these reservoirs, and for reversible engines which are mostly and equally efficient among all heatengines for a given thermal reservoir pair, the...
heatengines between two heat reservoirs are less efficient than a Carnot engine operating between the same reservoirs. All reversible heatengines between...
cryogenic refrigerators. Their input powers can be as high as 1 MW. In most cases cryocoolers use a cryogenic fluid as the working substance and employ moving...
that heatand work are interconvertible. Cyclically operating engines that use only heatand work transfers have two thermal reservoirs, a hot and a cold...
of heatengine they seek to model. The most common cycles used to model internal combustion engines are the Otto cycle, which models gasoline engines, and...
and calling these heatengines is an acceptable use of the term." Mechanical efficiency of heatengines, p. 1 (2007) by James R. Senf: "Heatengines are...
or Einstein refrigerator is an absorption refrigerator which has no moving parts, operates at constant pressure, and requires only a heat source to operate...
Latent heat (also known as latent energy or heat of transformation) is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature...
efficiency of heatengines only, whereas what was called the third law dealt with entropy increases. Gradually, this resolved itself and a zeroth law was...
water heaters, as well as kitchen equipment including ovens andrefrigeratorsand medical and scientific incubators. In scientific literature, these devices...
thermoacoustics. In contrast with other cryocoolers (e.g. Stirling cryocooler and GM-refrigerators), this cryocooler can be made without moving parts in the low temperature...
development of quantum thermodynamics with focus on the thermodynamics of quantum information, quantum speed limit for open systems, quantum control and shortcuts...
of domestic refrigerators, where it is responsible for the temperature drop between ambient temperature and the interior of the refrigerator. It is also...
leading, inter alia, to fundamental limits on the efficiency of heatenginesandrefrigerators. The thermodynamic characterisation of systems in equilibrium...
Global Information