Cryptography based on quantum mechanical phenomena
Compare post-quantum cryptography, which is any cryptography (nonquantum or quantum) that resists cryptanalysis that uses quantum computing.
Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks.[1][2] The best known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution, which offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. The advantage of quantum cryptography lies in the fact that it allows the completion of various cryptographic tasks that are proven or conjectured to be impossible using only classical (i.e. non-quantum) communication. For example, it is impossible to copy data encoded in a quantum state. If one attempts to read the encoded data, the quantum state will be changed due to wave function collapse (no-cloning theorem). This could be used to detect eavesdropping[how?] in quantum key distribution (QKD).
^Gisin, Nicolas; Ribordy, Grégoire; Tittel, Wolfgang; Zbinden, Hugo (2002). "Quantum cryptography". Reviews of Modern Physics. 74 (1): 145–195. arXiv:quant-ph/0101098. Bibcode:2002RvMP...74..145G. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.74.145. S2CID 6979295.
^Pirandola, S.; Andersen, U. L.; Banchi, L.; Berta, M.; Bunandar, D.; Colbeck, R.; Englund, D.; Gehring, T.; Lupo, C.; Ottaviani, C.; Pereira, J. L.; et al. (2020). "Advances in quantum cryptography". Advances in Optics and Photonics. 12 (4): 1012–1236. arXiv:1906.01645. Bibcode:2020AdOP...12.1012P. doi:10.1364/AOP.361502. S2CID 174799187.
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